Hu Hong, Huang Ying, Li Anjian, Mi Qianhui, Wang Kunping, Chen Liang, Zhao Zelong, Zhang Qiang, Bai Xi, Pan Hongbin
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Jul 11;15(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s40104-024-01055-y.
The energy/protein imbalance in a low-protein diet induces lipid metabolism disorders in late-phase laying hens. Reducing energy levels in the low-protein diet to adjust the energy-to-protein ratio may improve fat deposition, but this also decreases the laying performance of hens. This study investigated the mechanism by which different energy levels in the low-protein diet influences liver lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens through the enterohepatic axis to guide feed optimization and nutrition strategies. A total of 288 laying hens were randomly allocated to the normal-energy and normal-protein diet group (positive control: CK) or 1 of 3 groups: low-energy and low-protein diet (LL), normal-energy and low-protein diet (NL), and high-energy and low-protein diet (HL) groups. The energy-to-protein ratios of the CK, LL, NL, and HL diets were 0.67, 0.74, 0.77, and 0.80, respectively.
Compared with the CK group, egg quality deteriorated with increasing energy intake in late-phase laying hens fed low-protein diet. Hens fed LL, NL, and HL diets had significantly higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase levels, but significantly lower hepatic lipase levels compared with the CK group. Liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation (ACOX1, HADHA, EHHADH, and ACAA1) were downregulated, whereas genes related to fatty acid synthesis (SCD, FASN, and ACACA) were upregulated in LL group compared with the CK group. Comparison of the cecal microbiome showed that in hens fed an LL diet, Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were enriched, whereas riboflavin metabolism was suppressed. Cecal metabolites that were most significantly affected by the LL diet included several vitamins, such as riboflavin (vitamin B), pantethine (vitamin B derivative), pyridoxine (vitamin B), and 4-pyridoxic acid.
A lipid metabolism disorder due to deficiencies of vitamin B and pantethine originating from the metabolism of the cecal microbiome may be the underlying reason for fat accumulation in the liver of late-phase laying hens fed an LL diet. Based on the present study, we propose that targeting vitamin B and pantethine (vitamin B derivative) might be an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens fed a low-protein diet.
低蛋白日粮中的能量/蛋白质失衡会导致产蛋后期母鸡出现脂质代谢紊乱。降低低蛋白日粮中的能量水平以调整能量与蛋白质的比例，可能会改善脂肪沉积，但这也会降低母鸡的产蛋性能。本研究通过肠肝轴探讨低蛋白日粮中不同能量水平影响产蛋后期母鸡肝脏脂质代谢的机制，以指导饲料优化和营养策略。总共288只产蛋母鸡被随机分配到正常能量和正常蛋白质日粮组（阳性对照：CK）或3个组中的1个组：低能量和低蛋白日粮组（LL）、正常能量和低蛋白日粮组（NL）以及高能量和低蛋白日粮组（HL）。CK、LL、NL和HL日粮的能量与蛋白质比例分别为0.67、0.74、0.77和0.80。
与CK组相比，低蛋白日粮喂养的产蛋后期母鸡随着能量摄入量的增加，蛋品质下降。与CK组相比，LL、NL和HL日粮喂养的母鸡甘油三酯、总胆固醇、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合酶水平显著更高，但肝脂酶水平显著更低。肝脏转录组测序显示，与CK组相比，LL组中参与脂肪酸β-氧化的基因（ACOX1、HADHA、EHHADH和ACAA1）下调，而与脂肪酸合成相关的基因（SCD、FASN和ACACA）上调。盲肠微生物组比较显示，在LL日粮喂养的母鸡中，乳酸杆菌和脱硫弧菌富集，而核黄素代谢受到抑制。受LL日粮影响最显著的盲肠代谢物包括几种维生素，如核黄素（维生素B）、泛酰巯基乙胺（维生素B衍生物）、吡哆醇（维生素B）和4-吡哆酸。
由于盲肠微生物组代谢产生的维生素B和泛酰巯基乙胺缺乏导致的脂质代谢紊乱，可能是LL日粮喂养的产蛋后期母鸡肝脏脂肪积累的根本原因。基于本研究，我们提出针对维生素B和泛酰巯基乙胺（维生素B衍生物）可能是改善低蛋白日粮喂养的产蛋后期母鸡脂质代谢的有效策略。
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