College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
Poult Sci. 2023 May;102(5):102593. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102593. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is a kind of nutritional metabolic disease in laying hens. Revealing FLS pathogenesis during the early period is what really makes sense for the prevention or nutritional regulation strategies. In the study, 9 healthy or naturally occurring early FLS birds were screened based on visual inspection, liver index and morphologic analysis. Liver and fresh cecal content samples were collected. Then transcriptomic and 16S rRNA technologies are applied to investigate hepatic transcriptome and cecum microbiota composition. Unpaired Student t test and some omics methods were used for statistical analysis. Results showed higher liver weight and index were found in FLS group; morphologic analysis indicated that there existed more lipid droplets in the liver of birds with FLS. Based on DESeq2 analysis, there were 229 up- and 487 down-regulated genes in the FLS group, among which most genes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that pathways associated with lipid metabolism and liver damage were affected. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of cecum microbiota showed that there was a significant difference between the Con and FLS groups. LEfSe analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Odoribacter, Collinsella, Turicibacter, YRC22, Enterococcus, Shigella, and Bifidobacterium were down-regulated in the FLS group, whereas the abundance of Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Butyricicoccus, Campylobacter, Akkermansia, and Clostridium were up-regulated. The KEGG enrichment from differential microbiota suggested that some metabolism-related functions were altered to some extent. Taken together, during the developmental of early fatty liver of laying hens, lipogenesis was enhanced, whereas abnormal metabolism occurs not only in lipid transportation but also in hydrolysis, which caused structural damage to the liver organ. Moreover, the dysbiosis of the cecum microbiota occurred. All of these serve as targets or provide theoretical references for the development of probiotics for fatty liver prevention in laying hens.
脂肪肝综合征（FLS）是一种产蛋鸡的营养代谢疾病。在早期揭示 FLS 的发病机制对于预防或营养调节策略才有意义。在这项研究中，基于肉眼观察、肝脏指数和形态分析，筛选了 9 只健康或自然发生早期 FLS 鸡。收集了肝脏和新鲜盲肠内容物样本。然后应用转录组学和 16S rRNA 技术来研究肝脏转录组和盲肠微生物群落组成。未配对学生 t 检验和一些组学方法用于统计分析。结果表明，FLS 组的肝脏重量和指数较高；形态分析表明，FLS 鸡的肝脏中存在更多的脂滴。基于 DESeq2 分析，FLS 组有 229 个上调基因和 487 个下调基因，其中大多数与从头脂肪酸合成相关的基因上调，如乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶、脂肪酸合酶、硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶和 ELOVL 脂肪酸延长酶 6（ELOVL6）。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析表明，与脂质代谢和肝损伤相关的途径受到影响。盲肠微生物群 16S rRNA 测序分析表明，Con 组和 FLS 组之间存在显著差异。LEfSe 分析显示，Coprococcus、Odoribacter、Collinsella、Turicibacter、YRC22、Enterococcus、Shigella 和 Bifidobacterium 在 FLS 组中的相对丰度下调，而 Bacteroides、Mucispirillum、Butyricicoccus、Campylobacter、Akkermansia 和 Clostridium 的丰度上调。差异微生物群的 KEGG 富集表明，某些代谢相关功能在一定程度上发生了改变。总之，在产蛋鸡早期脂肪肝的发展过程中，脂肪生成增强，而不仅在脂质转运中，而且在水解中也发生了异常代谢，导致肝器官结构损伤。此外，盲肠微生物群落失调。所有这些都为开发预防产蛋鸡脂肪肝的益生菌提供了目标或理论参考。
