Krasnikov Nikita, Rykova Valentina, Kucheruk Oksana, Komina Alina, Pchelnikov Alexander, Gulyukin Alexey, Yuzhakov Anton
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV" (FSC VIEV), Moscow, Russia.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jun 26;11:1372203. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372203. eCollection 2024.
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are widely distributed in swine herds. PCV2, the significant swine pathogen, causes infections characterized by growth and development disorders, skin lesions, and respiratory distress. PCV3 has been circulating worldwide and can be associated with various clinical signs and disease developments. Wild boars are the main reservoir of these pathogens in wildlife and can create an alarming threat to pig farming. In Russia, three PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) were identified in pig farms. Additionally, PCV3 was observed in pig herds during the monitoring studies in the country. However, data considering the circulation of PCVs in herds of wild boars in Russia is scant. For this purpose, we performed PCR assays of the samples from 30 wild boars hunted in the Moscow Region of Russia in 2021-2023. The ratios of wild boars positive for PCV2, PCV3, or coinfected were 50, 10, and 13.3%, respectively. Additionally, we sequenced 15 PCV2 and four PCV3 complete genomes and conducted phylogenetic analysis, which divided PCV2 isolates into two groups: PCV2d and PCV2b. The study showed a high infection rate of PCV2 among wild boars, with PCV2d dominance. Simultaneously, PCV3 also circulates among wild boars. The obtained results can provide a basis for the development of preventive measures to support infection transmission risks between farm and wild animals.
猪圆环病毒（PCVs）广泛分布于猪群中。重要的猪病原体PCV2会引发以生长发育障碍、皮肤损伤和呼吸窘迫为特征的感染。PCV3已在全球范围内传播，并可能与各种临床症状和疾病发展相关。野猪是这些病原体在野生动物中的主要宿主，会对养猪业构成惊人威胁。在俄罗斯，养猪场中鉴定出三种PCV2基因型（PCV2a、PCV2b和PCV2d）。此外，在该国的监测研究中，猪群中也观察到了PCV3。然而，关于俄罗斯野猪群中PCVs传播情况的数据却很少。为此，我们对2021年至2023年在俄罗斯莫斯科地区猎杀的30头野猪的样本进行了PCR检测。PCV2、PCV3呈阳性或同时感染的野猪比例分别为50%、10%和13.3%。此外，我们对15个PCV2和4个PCV3完整基因组进行了测序，并进行了系统发育分析，将PCV2分离株分为两组：PCV2d和PCV2b。该研究表明，野猪中PCV2感染率很高，以PCV2d为主。同时，PCV3也在野猪中传播。所得结果可为制定预防措施提供依据，以支持农场动物和野生动物之间的感染传播风险。
