Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15244, United States of America.
Nanotechnology. 2024 Jul 11;35(39). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5db5.
537 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, a problem of glucose management that is related to a number of major health risks, including cardiovascular diseases. There is a need for new, efficient formulations of diabetic medications to address this condition and its related consequences because existing treatments have a number of drawbacks and limits. This encouraged the development of treatment plans to get around some of these restrictions, like low therapeutic drug bioavailability or patients' disobedience to existing therapies. Approaches based on nanotechnology have a lot of promise to enhance the treatment of diabetic patients. In order to manage blood glucose, this review article highlights recent developments and explores the potential applications of different materials (polymeric, ceramic, dendrimers, etc.) as nanocarriers for the delivery of insulin and other antidiabetic medications. Using an injectable and acid-degradable polymeric network produced by the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged dextran nanoparticles loaded with insulin and glucose-specific enzymes, we reviewed a glucose-mediated release approach for the self-regulated delivery of insulin, in which, after a degradable nano-network was subcutaneously injected into type 1 diabetic mice,experiments confirmed that these formulations improved glucose management. In addition, a discussion of silica-based nanocarriers, their potential for treating diabetes and controlling blood glucose levels, and an explanation of the role of dendrimers in diabetes treatment have been covered. This is done by utilizing the properties of silica nanoparticles, such as their tuneable particle and pore size, surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. The article summarized the significance of nanomaterials and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes overall, illuminating the field's potential and outlining its prospects for the future.
全球有 5.37 亿人患有糖尿病，这是一种与许多主要健康风险相关的葡萄糖管理问题，包括心血管疾病。需要新的、高效的糖尿病药物制剂来解决这种情况及其相关后果，因为现有的治疗方法存在许多缺点和限制。这鼓励了治疗方案的开发，以克服其中的一些限制，如治疗药物的低生物利用度或患者对现有治疗的不遵守。基于纳米技术的方法有很大的潜力来改善糖尿病患者的治疗。为了控制血糖，本文综述了近期的发展，并探讨了不同材料（聚合物、陶瓷、树枝状大分子等）作为胰岛素和其他抗糖尿病药物传递的纳米载体的潜在应用。我们综述了一种基于静电相互作用的可注射和酸降解的聚合物网络，该网络由带正电荷的葡聚糖纳米粒子负载胰岛素和葡萄糖特异性酶组成，用于胰岛素的葡萄糖介导释放，在可降解纳米网络被皮下注射到 1 型糖尿病小鼠后，实验证实这些制剂改善了葡萄糖管理。此外，还讨论了基于二氧化硅的纳米载体，及其在治疗糖尿病和控制血糖水平方面的潜力，以及树枝状大分子在糖尿病治疗中的作用。这是通过利用二氧化硅纳米粒子的性质来实现的，例如其可调的颗粒和孔径、表面化学和生物相容性。本文总结了纳米材料的重要性及其在糖尿病诊断和治疗中的应用，阐明了该领域的潜力，并概述了其未来前景。
