Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Nat Commun. 2024 Jul 11;15(1):5839. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50264-6.
3D printing has been widely used for on-demand prototyping of complex three-dimensional structures. In biomedical applications, PEDOT:PSS has emerged as a promising material in versatile bioelectronics due to its tissue-like mechanical properties and suitable electrical properties. However, previously developed PEDOT:PSS inks have not been able to fully utilize the advantages of commercial 3D printing due to its long post treatment times, difficulty in high aspect ratio printing, and low conductivity. We propose a one-shot strategy for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS ink that is able to simultaneously achieve on-demand biocompatibility (no post treatment), structural integrity during 3D printing for tall three-dimensional structures, and high conductivity for rapid-prototyping. By using ionic liquid-facilitated PEDOT:PSS colloidal stacking induced by a centrifugal protocol, a viscoplastic PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloidal (PILC) ink was developed. PILC inks exhibit high-aspect ratio vertical stacking, omnidirectional printability for generating suspended architectures, high conductivity (286 S/cm), and high-resolution printing (50 µm). We demonstrate the on-demand and versatile applicability of PILC inks through the fabrication of 3D circuit boards, on-skin physiological signal monitoring e-tattoos, and implantable bioelectronics (opto-electrocorticography recording, low voltage sciatic nerve stimulation and recording from deeper brain layers via 3D vertical spike arrays).
3D 打印已广泛用于复杂三维结构的按需原型制作。在生物医学应用中,PEDOT:PSS 因其具有类似组织的机械性能和合适的电学性能,在多功能生物电子学中已成为一种很有前途的材料。然而,由于其较长的后处理时间、高纵横比打印困难和导电性低,以前开发的 PEDOT:PSS 油墨未能充分利用商业 3D 打印的优势。我们提出了一种用于制造 PEDOT:PSS 油墨的一次性策略,该策略能够同时实现按需生物相容性(无需后处理)、用于高大三维结构的 3D 打印过程中的结构完整性以及用于快速原型制作的高导电性。通过使用离子液体促进的离心协议诱导的 PEDOT:PSS 胶体堆积,开发了一种粘性 PEDOT:PSS-离子液体胶体 (PILC) 油墨。PILC 油墨表现出高纵横比的垂直堆积、用于生成悬空结构的全方位可打印性、高导电性(286 S/cm)和高分辨率打印(50 µm)。我们通过制造 3D 电路板、用于皮肤生理信号监测的电子纹身以及可植入生物电子设备(光-电皮质电图记录、通过 3D 垂直尖峰阵列对深部脑层进行低电压坐骨神经刺激和记录)展示了 PILC 油墨的按需和多功能适用性。