K Yugesh, S Senthil Kumar, Vyas Janani Maheshwari V, J Vijayalakshmi
Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jun 10;16(6):e62103. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62103. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Every day, millions of individuals are exposed to formaldehyde (FA) due to its extensive presence and versatile use. Many in vivoand in vitroexperiments revealed that the mechanism of genotoxicity induced by FA exposure is complex yet toxicity upon whole-body exposure (WBE) to FA is less. As teachers, students, and skilled assistants in the health care sectors are also extensively exposed to FA vapors, it might result in genotoxicity. However, the effects of subchronic exposure to FA at low concentrations are not clear. Hence, analysis of the micronucleus (MN) was necessary to study the genetic toxicity triggered by FA in the bone marrow of male and female experimental rats. The present study is a gender- and duration of exposure-based assessment of the geno- and cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats to study the effect of WBE to 10% FA on polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) in experimental rats. The obtained result clearly showed that WBE to FA for 60 days at concentrations between 1 and 1.1 ppm (0, 1, and 1.5 h) induced genotoxic effects in both male and female rats by altering the MnPCE% and significantly increasing the ratio of PCE/NCE (1.07 ± 0.23, 1.20 ± 0.20, 1.22 ± 0.14). The PCE/NCE ratio in male rats was lesser (0.98, 1.12, and 1.18) when compared with female rats (1.17, 1.29, and 1.26) with 0, 1, and 1.5 h exposure, respectively. Thus, the genetic/cellular sensitivity to FA differs among the sexes and also depends on the exposure duration.
由于甲醛（FA）广泛存在且用途多样，每天都有数百万人接触到它。许多体内和体外实验表明，FA暴露诱导的遗传毒性机制复杂，但全身暴露（WBE）于FA时的毒性较小。由于医疗保健部门的教师、学生和熟练助手也广泛接触FA蒸气，这可能会导致遗传毒性。然而，低浓度FA亚慢性暴露的影响尚不清楚。因此，有必要分析微核（MN），以研究FA在雄性和雌性实验大鼠骨髓中引发的遗传毒性。本研究是基于性别和暴露持续时间对Wistar大鼠骨髓细胞进行遗传和细胞毒性评估，以研究WBE于10%FA对实验大鼠多染性红细胞/正染性红细胞（PCE/NCE）比率和微核多染性红细胞（MnPCE）的影响。获得的结果清楚地表明，在1至1.1 ppm（0、1和1.5小时）浓度下WBE于FA 60天，通过改变MnPCE%并显著增加PCE/NCE比率（1.07±0.23、1.20±0.20、1.22±0.14），在雄性和雌性大鼠中均诱导了遗传毒性作用。与分别暴露0、1和1.5小时的雌性大鼠（1.17、1.29和1.26）相比，雄性大鼠的PCE/NCE比率较低（0.98、1.12和1.18）。因此，对FA的遗传/细胞敏感性在性别之间存在差异，并且还取决于暴露持续时间。
