Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
Cells. 2024 Jun 29;13(13):1130. doi: 10.3390/cells13131130.
There has been a significant increase in the consumption of cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes in recent years, and its use can have long-term consequences on cognitive functions, including memory. Here, we review the immediate and long-term effects of cannabis and its derivatives on glutamatergic neurotransmission, with a focus on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations. Several factors can influence cannabinoid-mediated changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, including dosage, sex, age, and frequency of use. Acute exposure to cannabis typically inhibits glutamate release, whereas chronic use tends to increase glutamate release. Conversely, the postsynaptic alterations are more complicated than the presynaptic effects, as cannabis can affect the glutamate receptor expression and the downstream signaling of glutamate. All these effects ultimately influence cognitive functions, particularly memory. This review will cover the current research on glutamate-cannabis interactions, as well as the future directions of research needed to understand cannabis-related health effects and neurological and psychological aspects of cannabis use.
近年来，人们出于娱乐和医疗目的而大量使用大麻，其使用可能对认知功能产生长期影响，包括记忆力。在这里，我们回顾了大麻及其衍生物对谷氨酸能神经传递的即时和长期影响，重点关注了突触前和突触后变化。有几个因素会影响大麻素介导的谷氨酸能神经传递变化，包括剂量、性别、年龄和使用频率。急性暴露于大麻通常会抑制谷氨酸释放，而慢性使用则倾向于增加谷氨酸释放。相反，突触后变化比突触前变化更为复杂，因为大麻会影响谷氨酸受体表达和谷氨酸的下游信号转导。所有这些影响最终都会影响认知功能，特别是记忆力。本综述将涵盖当前关于谷氨酸-大麻相互作用的研究，以及为了理解与大麻相关的健康影响以及大麻使用的神经和心理方面所需的未来研究方向。
