Wang Pengbo, Wang Zhixin, Zhang Manqi, Yan Xianghui, Xia Jiaheng, Zhao Junxin, Yang Yujing, Gao Xiansi, Wu Qifang, Gong Deming, Yu Ping, Zeng Zheling
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
Foods. 2024 Jun 28;13(13):2064. doi: 10.3390/foods13132064.
seed kernels (CCSKs) are rich in phytochemicals, especially plant extracts. Phytochemicals play a vital role in therapy due to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracts from CCSK can be obtained through multiple steps, including pretreatment, extraction and purification, and the purpose of pretreatment is to separate the oil from other substances in CCSKs. However, seed kernel extracts (CKEs) were usually considered as by-products and discarded, and their potential bioactive values were underestimated. Additionally, little has been known about the effect of pretreatment on CKE. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment methods (including the solvent extraction method, cold pressing method, aqueous extraction method and sub-critical fluid extraction method) on the extraction yields, phytochemical profiles, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacities of different CKE samples. The results showed that the CKE samples were rich in phenolic compounds (15.28-20.29%) and alkaloids (24.44-27.41%). The extraction yield, bioactive substances content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of CKE pretreated by the sub-critical fluid extraction method (CKE-SCFE) were better than CKEs obtained by other methods. CKE pretreated by the solvent extraction method (CKE-SE) showed the best lipid emulsion protective capacity. Moreover, the volatile substances composition of the CKE samples was greatly influenced by the pretreatment method. The results provided a fundamental basis for evaluating the quality and nutritional value of CKE and increasing the economic value of by-products derived from CCSK.
种仁（CCSKs）富含植物化学物质，尤其是植物提取物。植物化学物质因其强大的抗氧化和抗炎活性在治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。CCSK的提取物可通过多个步骤获得，包括预处理、提取和纯化，预处理的目的是将种仁中的油与其他物质分离。然而，种仁提取物（CKEs）通常被视为副产品而被丢弃，其潜在的生物活性价值被低估。此外，关于预处理对CKE的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨预处理方法（包括溶剂萃取法、冷榨法、水提法和亚临界流体萃取法）对不同CKE样品的提取率、植物化学特征、挥发性化合物和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明，CKE样品富含酚类化合物（15.28 - 20.29%）和生物碱（24.44 - 27.41%）。亚临界流体萃取法预处理的CKE（CKE - SCFE）的提取率、生物活性物质含量和体外抗氧化能力优于其他方法获得的CKE。溶剂萃取法预处理的CKE（CKE - SE）表现出最佳的脂质乳液保护能力。此外，预处理方法对CKE样品的挥发性物质组成有很大影响。研究结果为评估CKE的质量和营养价值以及提高CCSK副产品的经济价值提供了基础依据。
