In Situ Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Extract to Remove a Dye via Advanced Oxidation.

Water pollution, particularly from organic contaminants like dyes, is a pressing issue, prompting exploration into advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as potential solutions. This study focuses on synthesizing CuO on cellulose-based fabric using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extracts. The resulting catalysts effectively degraded methylene blue through photocatalysis under LED visible light and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions with HO, demonstrating reusability. Mechanistic insights were gained through analyses of the extracts before and after CuO synthesis, revealing the role of phenolic compounds and reducing sugars in nanoparticle formation. CuO nanoparticles on cellulose-based fabric were characterized in terms of their morphology, structure, and bandgap via SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, and TGA. The degradation of methylene blue was pH-dependent; photocatalysis was more efficient at neutral pH due to hydroxyl and superoxide radical production, while Fenton-like reactions showed greater efficiency at acidic pH, primarily generating hydroxyl radicals. CuO used in Fenton-like reactions exhibited lower reusability compared to photocatalysis, suggesting deterioration. This research not only advances understanding of catalytic processes but also holds promise for sustainable water treatment solutions, contributing to environmental protection and resource conservation.