Anam Mohamad Khoirul, Yudhistira Yudhistira, Choi Sangjo
Research Center for Testing Technology and Standard, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jul 7;14(13):1159. doi: 10.3390/nano14131159.
Thermoelectric nanoantennas have been extensively investigated due to their ability to directly convert infrared (IR) radiation into direct current without an additional rectification device. In this study, we introduce a thermoelectric nanoantenna geometry for maximum output voltage () and propose an optimal series array configuration with a finite number of antennas to enhance the . A finite and open-ended SiO substrate, with a thickness of a quarter-effective wavelength at a frequency of 28.3 THz, is used to generate standing waves within the substrate. An array of antennas is then positioned optimally on the substrate to maximize the temperature difference (∆T) between hot and cold areas, thereby increasing the average per antenna element. In numerical simulations, a linearly polarized incident wave with a power density of 1.42 W/cm is applied to the structure. The results show that a single antenna with the optimum geometry on a substrate measuring 35 µm × 35 µm generates a ∆ of 64.89 mK, corresponding to a of 1.75 µV. Finally, a series array of 5 × 6 thermoelectric nanoantennas on a 150 µm × 75 µm substrate including measurement pads achieves an average ∆ of 49.60 mK with a total of 40.18 µV, resulting in an average of 1.34 µV per antenna element and a voltage responsivity () of 0.77 V/W. This value, achieved solely by optimizing the antenna geometry and open-ended substrate, matches or exceeds the and of approximately 1 µV and 0.66 V/W, respectively, from suspended thermoelectric antenna arrays over air cavities. Therefore, the proposed thermoelectric nanoantenna array device, characterized by high stability and ease of fabrication, is suitable for manufacturing massive nanoantenna arrays for high-output IR-DC energy harvesters.
由于能够在无需额外整流装置的情况下将红外（IR）辐射直接转换为直流电，热电纳米天线已得到广泛研究。在本研究中，我们引入了一种用于实现最大输出电压（）的热电纳米天线几何结构，并提出了一种具有有限数量天线的最优串联阵列配置以提高。使用厚度为频率28.3太赫兹下四分之一有效波长的有限且开口的SiO衬底，以在衬底内产生驻波。然后将天线阵列最优地放置在衬底上，以最大化热区和冷区之间的温差（∆T），从而增加每个天线元件的平均。在数值模拟中，将功率密度为1.42 W/cm的线偏振入射波应用于该结构。结果表明，在尺寸为35 µm×35 µm的衬底上具有最优几何结构的单个天线产生的∆为64.89 mK，对应的为1.75 µV。最后，在包括测量焊盘的150 µm×75 µm衬底上的5×6个热电纳米天线的串联阵列实现了平均∆为49.60 mK，总为40.18 µV，导致每个天线元件的平均为1.34 µV，电压响应度（）为0.77 V/W。仅通过优化天线几何结构和开口衬底实现的该值分别匹配或超过了来自空气腔上悬浮热电天线阵列的约1 µV和0.66 V/W的和。因此，所提出的热电纳米天线阵列器件具有高稳定性和易于制造的特点，适用于制造用于高输出红外 - 直流能量收集器的大规模纳米天线阵列。
