Paś Jacek, Klimczak Tomasz, Rosiński Adam, Stawowy Marek, Duer Stanisław, Harničárová Marta
Division of Electronic Systems Exploitations, Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliski St, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Building Safety, Fire University, 52/54 J. Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jun 21;24(13):4054. doi: 10.3390/s24134054.
This article discusses fundamental issues associated with the functional reliability of selected fire alarm systems (FASs) in operation during building fires. FASs operate under diverse external or internal natural environmental conditions, and the operational process of FAS should take into account the impacts of physical phenomena that occur during fires. Their operation is associated with the constant provision of reliability. FAS designers should also consider the system's reliability when developing fire control matrices, tables, algorithms, or scenarios. All functions arising from an FAS control matrix should be implemented with a permissible reliability level, R(t), prior to, as well as during, a fire. This should be assigned to the controls saved in the fire alarm control unit (FCP). This article presents the process by which high temperatures generated during a fire impact the reliability of FAS functioning. It was developed considering selected critical paths for a specific scenario and the control matrix for an FAS. Such assumptions make it possible to determine the impact of various temperatures generated during a fire on the reliability of an FAS. To this end, the authors reviewed that the waveform of the R(t) function changes for a given FAS over time, Δt, and then determined the fitness paths. The critical paths are located within the fire detection and suppression activation process, using FAS or fixed extinguishing devices (FEDs), and the paths were modeled with acceptable and unacceptable technical states. The last section of this article defines a model and graph for the operational process of a selected FAS, the analysis of which enables conclusions to be drawn that can be employed in the design and implementation stages.
本文讨论了与特定火灾报警系统（FAS）在建筑物火灾期间运行的功能可靠性相关的基本问题。火灾报警系统在各种外部或内部自然环境条件下运行，其运行过程应考虑火灾期间发生的物理现象的影响。它们的运行与持续提供可靠性相关。火灾报警系统的设计者在制定火灾控制矩阵、表格、算法或方案时也应考虑系统的可靠性。火灾报警系统控制矩阵产生的所有功能都应在火灾发生之前以及期间以允许的可靠性水平R(t)来实现。这应分配给火灾报警控制单元（FCP）中保存的控件。本文介绍了火灾期间产生的高温对火灾报警系统功能可靠性的影响过程。它是根据特定场景的选定关键路径和火灾报警系统的控制矩阵来制定的。这样的假设使得确定火灾期间产生的各种温度对火灾报警系统可靠性的影响成为可能。为此，作者回顾了给定火灾报警系统的R(t)函数波形随时间Δt的变化，然后确定了合适的路径。关键路径位于使用火灾报警系统或固定灭火设备（FED）进行火灾探测和灭火激活的过程中，并且这些路径用可接受和不可接受的技术状态进行了建模。本文的最后一部分定义了所选火灾报警系统运行过程的模型和图表，对其进行分析能够得出可用于设计和实施阶段的结论。
