Fernández Herman, Rubio Lorenzo, Rodrigo Peñarrocha Vicent M, Reig Juan
Telecommunications Research Group, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, Sogamoso 152211, Colombia.
Antennas and Propagation Lab, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jul 4;24(13):4334. doi: 10.3390/s24134334.
The development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), and autonomous driving (AD) has progressed rapidly in recent years, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and their integration with dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) systems and fifth-generation (5G) networks. This has led to improved mobility conditions in different road propagation environments: urban, suburban, rural, and highway. The use of these communication technologies has enabled drivers and pedestrians to be more aware of the need to improve their behavior and decision making in adverse traffic conditions by sharing information from cameras, radars, and sensors widely deployed in vehicles and road infrastructure. However, wireless data transmission in VANETs is affected by the specific conditions of the propagation environment, weather, terrain, traffic density, and frequency bands used. In this paper, we characterize the path loss based on the extensive measurement campaign carrier out in vehicular environments at 700 MHz and 5.9 GHz under realistic road traffic conditions. From a linear dual-slope path loss propagation model, the results of the path loss exponents and the standard deviations of the shadowing are reported. This study focused on three different environments, i.e., urban with high traffic density (U-HD), urban with moderate/low traffic density (U-LD), and suburban (SU). The results presented here can be easily incorporated into VANET simulators to develop, evaluate, and validate new protocols and system architecture configurations under more realistic propagation conditions.
近年来，在人工智能（AI）、物联网（IoT）以及它们与专用短程通信（DSRC）系统和第五代（5G）网络的集成推动下，智能交通系统（ITS）、车载自组织网络（VANET）和自动驾驶（AD）发展迅速。这使得在不同道路传播环境（城市、郊区、农村和高速公路）中的移动性条件得到改善。这些通信技术的使用使驾驶员和行人能够通过共享车辆和道路基础设施中广泛部署的摄像头、雷达和传感器的信息，更加意识到在不利交通条件下改善其行为和决策的必要性。然而，VANET中的无线数据传输会受到传播环境的特定条件、天气、地形、交通密度和使用的频段的影响。在本文中，我们基于在现实道路交通条件下于700 MHz和5.9 GHz的车载环境中进行的广泛测量活动，对路径损耗进行了表征。从线性双斜率路径损耗传播模型出发，报告了路径损耗指数和阴影标准差的结果。本研究聚焦于三种不同环境，即高交通密度城市（U-HD）、中/低交通密度城市（U-LD）和郊区（SU）。这里呈现的结果可以很容易地纳入VANET模拟器，以便在更现实的传播条件下开发、评估和验证新的协议和系统架构配置。
