Jimale Yonis Ahmed, Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah, Paul Bura Thlama, Chung Eric Lim Teik, Zakaria Aida, Azhar Nur Amira, Mohd Lila Mohd Azmi
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Bintulu Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Jul 13;56(6):212. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04061-4.
Diseases caused by small ruminant lentiviruses, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Schmallenberg virus, and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPR) is globally recognised as serious threats to the ruminant industry due to their potential to spread rapidly across boundaries. Despite their global distribution and negative impacts on ruminant production, there is a gap in knowledge of the current trends in their epidemiology among sheep and goat populations in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was therefore designed to fill the gap of knowledge concerning the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPRV among small ruminants from selected flocks in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect animal data and blood samples for serological assays simultaneously. The ID Screen (ID.VET, France) indirect ELISA screening tests were used to detect serum antibodies directed against CAEV/MVV (VISNAS Ver 0922), paratuberculosis (PARAS Ver 0516), SBV (SBVC Ver 1114) and PPRV (PPRC Ver 0821). There was 45.4% (95% CI = 40.74-50.74), 6.8% (95% CI = 4.66-9.69), 27.8% (95% CI = 23.35-32.77), and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.11-0.51) true seroprevalence for CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPR, respectively. Geographical location and species were the risk factors for CAEV and paratuberculosis, while the management system and age of small ruminants were the risk factors for SBV. The present study is the first to document a large-scale seroprevalence of MAP and PPR infection among sheep and goat flocks in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of PPRV and MAP antibodies among small ruminant flocks is signalling current or previous exposure to the pathogens or cross reactions with similar antigens. This finding further suggests the potential for future outbreaks of these devastating diseases among sheep and goats in Malaysia. The high seroprevalence of CAEV and SBV among small ruminants indicates high levels of exposure to the viruses in the environment, which is a potential threat to production.
由小反刍兽慢病毒、副结核分枝杆菌（MAP）、施马伦贝格病毒和小反刍兽疫病毒（PPR）引起的疾病，因其有可能迅速跨境传播，在全球范围内被公认为是反刍动物产业面临的严重威胁。尽管它们在全球分布且对反刍动物生产有负面影响，但在马来西亚半岛绵羊和山羊群体中，关于它们流行病学当前趋势的知识仍存在空白。因此，本研究旨在填补马来西亚半岛雪兰莪州、森美兰州和彭亨州选定羊群中小反刍动物中CAEV、副结核病、SBV和PPRV血清阳性率及影响因素方面的知识空白。采用横断面研究设计同时收集动物数据和血液样本进行血清学检测。使用ID Screen（法国ID.VET公司）间接ELISA筛查试验检测针对CAEV/MVV（VISNAS Ver 0922）、副结核病（PARAS Ver 0516）、SBV（SBVC Ver 1114）和PPRV（PPRC Ver 0821）的血清抗体。CAEV、副结核病、SBV和PPR的实际血清阳性率分别为45.4%（95%CI = 40.74 - 50.74）、6.8%（95%CI = 4.66 - 9.69）、27.8%（95%CI = 23.35 - 32.77）和2.6%（95%CI = 1.11 - 0.51）。地理位置和物种是CAEV及副结核病的风险因素，而小反刍动物的管理制度和年龄是SBV的风险因素。本研究首次记录了马来西亚半岛绵羊和山羊群体中MAP和PPR感染的大规模血清阳性率。小反刍动物群体中PPRV和MAP抗体的存在表明当前或既往接触过病原体或与相似抗原发生交叉反应。这一发现进一步表明马来西亚绵羊和山羊未来有爆发这些毁灭性疾病的可能性。小反刍动物中CAEV和SBV的高血清阳性率表明它们在环境中接触病毒的水平较高，这对生产构成潜在威胁。
