Dang Chiheng, Zhang Hongbo, Singh Vijay P, Zhang Shuqi, Mu Dengrui, Yao Congcong, Zhang Yu, Lyu Fengguang, Liu Shangdong
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 15;947:174705. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174705. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Groundwater irrigation districts, which play a crucial role in the Earth's critical zone, are confronted with numerous challenges, including water scarcity, pollution, and ecological degradation. These issues come from multiple systems and are linked to a groundwater-dominated water-food-environment-ecosystem nexus problem related to agricultural activities (WFEE). There is a pressing need for the scientific characterization and evaluation of the WFEE nexus in groundwater irrigation districts to assure high-quality, sustainable development. Furthermore, it is critical to provide practical and efficient regulations at the farmer level to uphold the health of this nexus. This paper presents a mapping network that focuses on groundwater irrigation districts. The network aims to convert the restriction indicators utilized to maintain the health of the WFEE nexus (at the irrigation district scale) into the targets employed to manage farmers' living and agricultural activities (at the farmer scale). Additionally, a system dynamics model is created to track and manage the interacting relationships between the WFEE nexus and farmers' living and agricultural activities. This proposed model employs a structured parameter system comprising targets, state parameters, regulatory parameters, and evaluation parameters. This system can get insight into the status of the WFEE nexus at the farmer level using state parameters, induce tailored management and regulation measures using regulatory parameters, assess the effectiveness of various measures using the evaluation parameters, and finally provide decision support to enhance the health of the WFEE nexus. The findings from the research conducted in the Yong'an groundwater irrigation district demonstrated that the model accurately described the relationship between the WFEE nexus and farmers' activities in groundwater irrigation districts. Furthermore, the model responded strongly to a variety of improvement strategies, including adjustments in planting area, optimization of planting pattern, improvement of irrigation method, and implementation of agronomic measures. As a result, it provided farmers with decision support for applying agricultural management methods and addressing the WFEE nexus problem in groundwater irrigation areas.
在地球关键带中发挥关键作用的地下水灌溉区面临着诸多挑战，包括水资源短缺、污染和生态退化。这些问题源自多个系统，且与农业活动（WFEE）相关的以地下水为主导的水-食物-环境-生态系统关联问题有关。迫切需要对地下水灌溉区的WFEE关联进行科学表征和评估，以确保高质量、可持续发展。此外，在农户层面提供切实有效的监管措施对于维护这种关联的健康状况至关重要。本文提出了一个聚焦于地下水灌溉区的映射网络。该网络旨在将用于维持WFEE关联健康状况（在灌溉区尺度）的限制指标转化为用于管理农户生活和农业活动（在农户尺度）的目标。此外，还创建了一个系统动力学模型来跟踪和管理WFEE关联与农户生活和农业活动之间的相互作用关系。该模型采用了一个结构化参数系统，包括目标参数、状态参数、监管参数和评估参数。这个系统能够利用状态参数洞察农户层面的WFEE关联状况，利用监管参数制定针对性的管理和调控措施，利用评估参数评估各项措施的有效性，最终为增强WFEE关联的健康状况提供决策支持。在永安地下水灌溉区开展的研究结果表明，该模型准确描述了地下水灌溉区WFEE关联与农户活动之间的关系。此外，该模型对多种改进策略反应强烈，包括种植面积调整、种植模式优化、灌溉方法改进以及农艺措施实施。因此，它为农户应用农业管理方法和解决地下水灌溉区的WFEE关联问题提供了决策支持。
