Wang Ning, Jiang Fengjiao, Xu Lin, Cai Yaqi
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Resource and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Jan;147:550-560. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.039. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility. It was found that, following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs (∑Parent-PAHs) in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility, total derivatives of PAHs [named as XPAHs, including nitro PAHs (NPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs), and brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs)] in gas (mean= 1.57 × 10 ng/m), total suspended particulate (TSP) (mean= 4.33 × 10 ng/m) and soil (mean= 4.37 × 10 ng/g) in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility, surrounding residential areas and reference areas, indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs. Especially, compared with those in residential and reference areas, gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher ∑NPAH/∑PAHs (mean=2.18), but lower ∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs (mean=1.43 × 10) and ∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios (mean=7.49 × 10), indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process. The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure, and the ILCR (1.04 × 10) for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk. Furthermore, one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area, and another 35 PAHs were found, including alkyl-PAHs, phenyl-PAHs and other species, indicating that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.
本研究调查了中国一家炼油厂设施中多环芳烃（PAHs）及其衍生物的环境分布和人体暴露情况。研究发现，在所研究的炼油厂设施的冶炼分区中，16种美国环保署（EPA）多环芳烃（∑母体-PAHs）浓度较高，该分区气体（均值 = 1.57×10 ng/m）、总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）（均值 = 4.33×10 ng/m）和土壤（均值 = 4.37×10 ng/g）中多环芳烃的总衍生物[命名为XPAHs，包括硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）、氯代多环芳烃（Cl-PAHs）和溴代多环芳烃（Br-PAHs）]含量比该设施的其他分区、周边居民区和对照区高1.76至6.19倍，表明石油炼制过程会导致多环芳烃明显衍生。特别是，与居民区和对照区相比，石化区的气体样本中∑NPAH/∑PAHs（均值 = 2.18）较高，但∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs（均值 = 1.43×10）和∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs比值（均值 = 7.49×10）较低，表明石化过程中多环芳烃的硝化作用比氯化作用更显著。该炼油厂设施中多环芳烃和XPAHs的职业暴露比非职业暴露高24至343倍，石化工人的个体终身风险（ILCR）（1.04×10）被认为具有潜在高风险。此外，对石化区土壤进行了一次通过气相色谱-轨道阱质谱仪（GC Orbitrap/MS）的扩展高分辨率筛查，又发现了35种多环芳烃，包括烷基多环芳烃、苯基多环芳烃和其他种类，表明石化区多环芳烃类似物的分布特征和风险值得进一步深入研究。
