Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 920-1192, Kanazawa, Japan.
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, 920-1192, Kanazawa, Japan.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 15;287:117360. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117360. Epub 2021 May 13.
Total suspended particulate matter and fine particulate matter were collected in five East Asian cities (Sapporo, Sagamihara, Kirishima, Shenyang, and Vladivostok) during warm and cold periods from 2017 to 2018. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The average concentrations of ∑PAHs and ∑NPAHs differed significantly both temporally and spatially and were the lowest in Kirishima during the warm period (∑PAHs: 0.11 ± 0.06 ng m; ∑NPAHs: 1.23 ± 0.96 pg m) and the highest in Shenyang during the cold period (∑PAHs: 49.7 ± 21.8 ng m; ∑NPAHs: 357 ± 180 pg m). The average total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations were also higher in Shenyang and Vladivostok than in Japanese cities. According to the results of source apportionment, traffic emissions impacted these cities in both the warm and cold periods, whereas coal combustion-generated effects were obvious in Shenyang and Vladivostok during the cold period. Furthermore, PAHs and NPAHs originating from the Asian continent, including Shenyang and Vladivostok, exerted some influence on Japanese cities, especially in the cold period. Compared to Japanese cities and Vladivostok, yearly variations in ∑PAHs and 1-nitropyrene in Shenyang showed that their concentrations were considerably lower than those reported in past studies, indicating the positive effects of air pollutant control policies in China. These results not only describe the current characteristics and yearly variations of PAHs and NPAHs in typical urban cities in East Asia but also, more importantly, reveal that the effects of the East Asian monsoon play an important role in the analysis of atmospheric behaviours of PAHs and NPAHs. Furthermore, this study supports the role of multinational cooperation to promote air pollution control in East Asia.
总悬浮颗粒物和细颗粒物于 2017 年至 2018 年在五个东亚城市（札幌、相模原、雾岛、沈阳和符拉迪沃斯托克）的暖期和冷期采集。采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法检测了 9 种多环芳烃（PAHs）和 3 种硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）。∑PAHs 和∑NPAHs 的时空差异均具有统计学意义，且在暖期的雾岛浓度最低（∑PAHs：0.11±0.06ng/m；∑NPAHs：1.23±0.96pg/m），在冷期的沈阳浓度最高（∑PAHs：49.7±21.8ng/m；∑NPAHs：357±180pg/m）。沈阳和符拉迪沃斯托克的总苯并[a]芘等效浓度也高于日本城市。根据源解析结果，交通排放对这些城市在暖期和冷期均有影响，而在冷期沈阳和符拉迪沃斯托克的煤炭燃烧效应明显。此外，来自亚洲大陆的包括沈阳和符拉迪沃斯托克的 PAHs 和 NPAHs 对日本城市也有一定影响，尤其是在冷期。与日本城市和符拉迪沃斯托克相比，沈阳的∑PAHs 和 1-硝基芘的年际变化表明，其浓度明显低于过去研究报告的浓度，表明中国空气污染控制政策的积极影响。这些结果不仅描述了东亚典型城市中 PAHs 和 NPAHs 的当前特征和年际变化，更重要的是，揭示了东亚季风在分析 PAHs 和 NPAHs 大气行为方面的重要作用。此外，本研究支持了东亚多国合作促进空气污染控制的作用。
