National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
Cell Rep. 2024 Jul 23;43(7):114479. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114479. Epub 2024 Jul 13.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread at an unprecedented scale, leading to mass mortalities in birds and mammals. In 2023, a transatlantic incursion of HPAI A(H5N5) viruses into North America was detected, followed shortly thereafter by a mammalian detection. As these A(H5N5) viruses were similar to contemporary viruses described in Eurasia, the transatlantic spread of A(H5N5) viruses was most likely facilitated by pelagic seabirds. Some of the Canadian A(H5N5) viruses from birds and mammals possessed the PB2-E627K substitution known to facilitate adaptation to mammals. Ferrets inoculated with A(H5N5) viruses showed rapid, severe disease onset, with some evidence of direct contact transmission. However, these viruses have maintained receptor binding traits of avian influenza viruses and were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Understanding the factors influencing the virulence and transmission of A(H5N5) in migratory birds and mammals is critical to minimize impacts on wildlife and public health.
高致病性禽流感(HPAI)病毒以前所未有的规模传播,导致鸟类和哺乳动物大量死亡。2023 年,一种 HPAI A(H5N5)病毒跨越大西洋入侵北美,并在不久后被哺乳动物检测到。由于这些 A(H5N5)病毒与欧亚大陆描述的当代病毒相似,因此 A(H5N5)病毒的跨大西洋传播很可能是由远洋海鸟促成的。一些来自鸟类和哺乳动物的加拿大 A(H5N5)病毒具有已知有助于适应哺乳动物的 PB2-E627K 取代。用 A(H5N5)病毒接种的雪貂迅速出现严重疾病,有直接接触传播的一些证据。然而,这些病毒保持了禽流感病毒的受体结合特性,对奥司他韦和扎那米韦敏感。了解影响候鸟和哺乳动物中 A(H5N5)病毒毒力和传播的因素对于最大限度地减少对野生动物和公共卫生的影响至关重要。