NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada.
NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
J Reprod Immunol. 2024 Sep;165:104300. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104300. Epub 2024 Jul 11.
The global public health emergency of COVID-19 in January 2020 prompted a surge in research focusing on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the virus. While numerous reports have been published on the acute effects of COVID-19 infection, the review explores the multifaceted long-term implications of COVID-19, with a particular focus on severe maternal COVID-19 infection, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Severe COVID-19 infection has been associated with heightened immune system activation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe COVID-19 may also result in gut microbiome dysbiosis and a compromised intestinal mucosal barrier, often referred to as 'leaky gut'. Increased gut permeability facilitates the passage of inflammatory cytokines, originating from the inflamed intestinal mucosa and gut, into the bloodstream, thereby influencing fetal development during pregnancy and potentially elevating the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. The current review discusses the role of cytokine signaling molecules, microglia, and synaptic pruning, highlighting their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders following maternal COVID-19 infection. Additionally, this review addresses the potential of probiotic interventions to mitigate gut dysbiosis and inflammatory responses associated with COVID-19, offering avenues for future research in optimizing maternal and fetal health outcomes.
2020 年 1 月，COVID-19 引发了全球公共卫生紧急事件，促使针对该病毒的发病机制和临床表现的研究激增。虽然已经发表了许多关于 COVID-19 急性感染影响的报告，但本综述探讨了 COVID-19 的多方面长期影响，特别关注严重的产妇 COVID-19 感染、肠道微生物失调和后代的神经发育障碍。严重的 COVID-19 感染与免疫系统的高度激活和胃肠道症状有关。严重的 COVID-19 也可能导致肠道微生物失调和肠道黏膜屏障受损，通常称为“肠漏”。肠道通透性增加有助于源自发炎的肠道黏膜和肠道的炎症细胞因子进入血液，从而影响怀孕期间的胎儿发育，并可能增加自闭症和精神分裂症等神经发育障碍的风险。本综述讨论了细胞因子信号分子、小胶质细胞和突触修剪在其中的作用，强调了它们在产妇 COVID-19 感染后神经发育障碍发病机制中的潜在作用。此外，本综述还探讨了益生菌干预减轻 COVID-19 相关肠道失调和炎症反应的潜力，为优化母婴健康结果的未来研究提供了途径。
