Di Gesù Claudia M, Matz Lisa M, Buffington Shelly A
Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Neurosci Res. 2021 Jul;168:3-19. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.05.003. Epub 2021 May 13.
The maternal gut microbiome plays a critical role in fetal and early postnatal development, shaping fundamental processes including immune maturation and brain development, among others. Consequently, it also contributes to fetal programming of health and disease. Over the last decade, epidemiological studies and work in preclinical animal models have begun to uncover a link between dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by both genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions; however, clinical heterogeneity, phenotypic variability, and comorbidities make identification of underlying mechanisms difficult. Among environmental factors, exposure to maternal obesity in utero confers a significant increase in risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Obesogenic diets in humans, non-human primates, and rodents induce functional modifications in maternal gut microbiome composition, which animal studies suggest are causally related to adverse mental health outcomes in offspring. Here, we review evidence linking maternal diet-induced gut dysbiosis to neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss how it could affect pre- and early postnatal brain development. We are hopeful that this burgeoning field of research will revolutionize antenatal care by leading to accessible prophylactic strategies, such as prenatal probiotics, to improve mental health outcomes in children affected by maternal diet-induced obesity.
母体肠道微生物群在胎儿期和出生后早期发育中起着关键作用，塑造了包括免疫成熟和大脑发育等在内的基本过程。因此，它也对胎儿的健康和疾病编程产生影响。在过去十年中，流行病学研究以及临床前动物模型研究已开始揭示母体肠道微生物群失调与后代神经发育障碍之间的联系。神经发育障碍由遗传和环境因素及其相互作用引起；然而，临床异质性、表型变异性和共病性使得确定潜在机制变得困难。在环境因素中，子宫内暴露于母体肥胖会显著增加患神经发育障碍的风险。人类、非人灵长类动物和啮齿动物的致肥胖饮食会导致母体肠道微生物群组成发生功能改变，动物研究表明这与后代不良心理健康结果存在因果关系。在此，我们综述了将母体饮食诱导的肠道菌群失调与神经发育障碍联系起来的证据，并讨论了其如何影响产前和出生后早期的大脑发育。我们希望这一新兴研究领域能够通过带来诸如产前益生菌等易于获得的预防策略，彻底改变产前护理，从而改善受母体饮食诱导肥胖影响的儿童的心理健康状况。
