Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen; Department of Engineering Physics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Sep;276(Pt 1):133796. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133796. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
Natural rubber (NR) and its derivatives play indispensable roles in various industries due to their unique properties and versatile applications. However, the widespread utilization of NR faces intrinsic challenges such as limited mechanical strength, poor resistance to heat and organic solvent, poor electrical conductivity, and low compatibility with other materials, prompting researchers to explore enhancing its performance. Modified NRs (MNRs) like cyclization, deproteinization, chlorination, epoxidation, or grafting NR demonstrated a few enhanced merits compared to NR. However, various strategies, such as blending, vulcanization, crosslinking, grafting, plasticization, reinforcement, and nanostructuring, overcame most drawbacks. This review comprehensively examines these challenges and delves into the modification strategies employed to enhance the properties and expand the applications of NR and its derivatives. Furthermore, the review explores future visions for the NR industry, emphasizing integrating advanced modification techniques, adopting sustainable practices, and promoting circular economy principles. By elucidating the inherent challenges, outlining effective modification strategies, and envisioning future trajectories, this review provides valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate and contribute to the sustainable development of the NR sector.
天然橡胶（NR）及其衍生物由于其独特的性质和广泛的应用，在各个行业中发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而，NR 的广泛应用面临着内在的挑战，如机械强度有限、耐热和有机溶剂性差、导电性差以及与其他材料的兼容性低，这促使研究人员探索提高其性能的方法。与 NR 相比，交联、脱蛋白、氯化、环氧化或接枝 NR 等改性 NR（MNR）显示出一些增强的优点。然而，各种策略，如共混、硫化、交联、接枝、增塑、增强和纳米结构化，克服了大多数缺点。本综述全面考察了这些挑战，并深入探讨了用于提高 NR 及其衍生物性能和扩大其应用的改性策略。此外，该综述探讨了 NR 行业的未来愿景，强调集成先进的改性技术、采用可持续实践以及促进循环经济原则。通过阐明内在的挑战、概述有效的改性策略以及展望未来的发展轨迹，本综述为寻求应对和促进 NR 行业可持续发展的利益相关者提供了有价值的见解。
