Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 20;948:174671. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174671. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
The widespread and excessive use of pesticides in modern agricultural practices has caused pesticide contamination of the environment, animals, and humans, with confirmed serious health consequences. This study aimed to identify the 20 most critical substances based on an analysis of detection frequency (DF) and median concentrations (MC) across environmental and biological matrices. A sampling campaign was conducted across 10 case study sites in Europe and 1 in Argentina, each encompassing conventional and organic farming systems. We analysed 209 active substances in a total of 4609 samples. All substances ranked among the 20 most critical were detected in silicon wristbands worn by humans and animals and indoor dust from both farming systems. Five of them were detected in all environmental matrices. Overall, higher values of DF and MC, including in the blood plasma of animals and humans, were recorded in samples of conventional compared to organic farms. The differences between farming systems were greater in the environmental samples and less in animal and human samples. Ten substances were detected in animal blood plasma from conventional farms and eight in animal blood plasma from organic farms. Two of those, detected in both farming systems, are classified as hazardous for mammals (acute). Five substances detected in animal blood plasma from organic farms and seven detected in animal blood plasma from conventional farms are classified as hazardous for mammals (dietary). Three substances detected in human blood plasma are classified as carcinogens. Seven of the substances detected in human blood plasma are classified as endocrine disruptors. Six substances, of which five were detected in human blood plasma, are hazardous for reproduction/development. Efforts are needed to elucidate the unknown effects of mixtures, and it is crucial that such research also considers biocides and banned substances, which constitute a baseline of contamination that adds to the effect of substances used in agriculture.
现代农业实践中广泛和过度使用农药导致了环境、动物和人类的农药污染，并有确凿的严重健康后果。本研究旨在根据环境和生物基质中的检测频率 (DF) 和中位数浓度 (MC) 分析，确定 20 种最关键的物质。在欧洲的 10 个案例研究地点和阿根廷的 1 个地点进行了采样活动，每个地点都包括常规和有机农业系统。我们分析了总共 4609 个样本中的 209 种活性物质。所有被列为 20 种最关键物质的物质都在人类和动物佩戴的硅手环以及来自两种农业系统的室内灰尘中被检测到。其中 5 种物质在所有环境基质中均被检测到。总体而言，与有机农场相比，常规农场的动物和人类血液样本中的 DF 和 MC 值更高，包括在血液血浆中。在环境样本中，农业系统之间的差异较大，而在动物和人类样本中则较小。在常规农场的动物血液血浆中检测到 10 种物质，在有机农场的动物血液血浆中检测到 8 种物质。其中两种物质在两种农业系统中均被检测到，被归类为对哺乳动物（急性）有危害。在有机农场的动物血液血浆中检测到的 5 种物质和在常规农场的动物血液血浆中检测到的 7 种物质被归类为对哺乳动物（饮食）有危害。在人类血液血浆中检测到的 3 种物质被归类为致癌物质。在人类血液血浆中检测到的 7 种物质被归类为内分泌干扰物。在人类血液血浆中检测到的 6 种物质，其中 5 种物质被检测到，被归类为对生殖/发育有危害。需要努力阐明混合物的未知影响，而且此类研究还必须考虑到杀生物剂和被禁止的物质，这些物质构成了污染的基线，增加了农业中使用的物质的影响。
