Ibrahim Osama M A, Ayaki Masahiko, Yotsukura Erisa, Torii Hidemasa, Negishi Kazuno
Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Otake Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2024 Jul 10;18:1991-1998. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S444765. eCollection 2024.
To investigate the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and myopia in Japanese teenagers.
This clinic-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study assessed DED condition in 10- to 19-year-old teenagers presenting at Japanese eye clinics. They included 106 high myopic patients (HM; mean age, 16.4 ± 2.2 years), 494 mild myopic patients (15.0 ± 2.6 years) and 82 non-myopic teenagers (NM; 13.8 ± 2.6 years). Subjective refraction and anisometropia were measured. Myopia grade was classified as HM (≤ -6.00 D), MM (> -6.00 D, < -0.50 D), or NM (≥ -0.5 D). The presence of DED-related symptoms including dryness, irritation, pain, fatigue, blurring and photophobia were assessed through a questionnaire. Tear film break-up time (BUT) and fluorescein corneal staining were investigated. Comparison among three groups and regression analysis of myopic error and other variables were conducted.
Anisometropia and astigmatic error were greatest in the HM group compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The HM group reported less photophobia (p < 0.001) and less pain (p = 0.039) compared with the NM group. Regression analysis revealed that myopic error was correlated with astigmatic error (β = -0.231, p <0.001), anisometropia (β = -0.191, p <0.001), short BUT (β = -0.086, p = 0.028) and the presence of diagnosed DED (β = -0.112, p = 0.003). Dryness (β = -0.127 p = 0.004), photophobia (β = 0.117, p = 0.002) and pain (β = 0.084, p = 0.034) correlated with myopic error.
This study associated clinical findings of DED in HM teenagers. The present results suggest DED might be associated with myopia, possibly in a reciprocal relationship.
研究日本青少年干眼症（DED）与近视之间的关系。
本基于诊所的回顾性横断面研究评估了在日本眼科诊所就诊的10至19岁青少年的DED状况。他们包括106名高度近视患者（HM；平均年龄，16.4±2.2岁）、494名轻度近视患者（15.0±2.6岁）和82名非近视青少年（NM；13.8±2.6岁）。测量了主观验光和屈光参差。近视程度分为高度近视（≤ -6.00 D）、中度近视（> -6.00 D，< -0.50 D）或非近视（≥ -0.5 D）。通过问卷评估是否存在与DED相关的症状，包括干涩、刺激感、疼痛、疲劳、视物模糊和畏光。研究了泪膜破裂时间（BUT）和荧光素角膜染色情况。对三组进行比较，并对近视度数和其他变量进行回归分析。
与其他组相比，HM组的屈光参差和散光度数最大（p < 0.001）。与NM组相比，HM组报告的畏光症状较少（p < 0.001）和疼痛较少（p = 0.039）。回归分析显示，近视度数与散光度数（β = -0.231，p <0.001）、屈光参差（β = -0.191，p <0.001）、较短的BUT（β = -0.086，p = 0.028）以及确诊的DED的存在（β = -0.112，p = 0.003）相关。干涩（β = -0.127，p = 0.004）、畏光（β = 0.117，p = 0.002）和疼痛（β = 0.084，p = 0.034）与近视度数相关。
本研究关联了高度近视青少年中DED的临床发现。目前的结果表明DED可能与近视有关，可能存在相互关系。
