Baidoo Emmanuel Boafo, Tulashie Samuel Kofi, Miyittah Michael, Alale Enoch Mbawin, Adukpoh Kingsley Enoch, Agyekwaga George Wardu, Asante Philomina Adams
Industrial Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Takoradi - Cape Coast Rd, Cape Coast, Central Region P.M.B. University Post Office, Ghana.
Department of Chemical and Renewable Energy Engineering, School of Sustainable Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Takoradi - Cape Coast Rd, Cape Coast, Central Region P.M.B. University Post Office, Ghana.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 5;10(12):e32421. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32421. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.
This study underlines all the techniques adopted to extract and define the oil that was extracted from cashew kernels and also to figure out if it fits the bill for applications in industrial operations. Using the solvent extraction method, the oil was obtained at different extraction times and temperatures. At the maximum temperature 333 K, the highest yield of the oil (34.7 %) was obtained at the highest extraction time 130 min adhering to first order kinetics. The mass transfer (k) and the regression coefficient (R) were 0.0115 and 0.9853 respectively. The activation energy (E), the entropy changes (ΔS), the equilibrium constant (K) and the enthalpy change (ΔH) were 59.958 KJmol, 228.4 KJmolK, 7.54 and 70.29 KJmol respectively. The activation enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG*) were 57.2880 KJmol, -0.1617 KJ (molK) and 114.834 KJ mol, respectively, favoring an endothermic, irreversible, and spontaneous extraction. The negative Gibbs free energy range of -2.3342 KJ(molK) to -5.7602 KJ(molK) indicated the feasibility of oil extraction from cashew kernels. Also, some major fatty acids compositions that were identified in the oil after characterization were oleic acid (71 %) and linoleic acid (32 %). The oil's bond and potential functional groups were identified using the Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) which indicated the presence of O-H, C-H, C-N, C[bond, double bond]O, C-C and = C-H.
本研究强调了为提取和定义从腰果仁中提取的油所采用的所有技术，并确定其是否符合工业操作应用的要求。采用溶剂萃取法，在不同的萃取时间和温度下获得了该油。在最高温度333K时，在最高萃取时间130分钟时获得了最高的油产量（34.7%），符合一级动力学。传质系数（k）和回归系数（R）分别为0.0115和0.9853。活化能（E）、熵变（ΔS）、平衡常数（K）和焓变（ΔH）分别为59.958kJ/mol、228.4kJ/(mol·K)、7.54和70.29kJ/mol。活化焓（ΔH*）、熵（ΔS*）和吉布斯自由能（ΔG*）分别为57.2880kJ/mol、-0.1617kJ/(mol·K)和114.834kJ/mol，有利于吸热、不可逆和自发萃取。吉布斯自由能的负值范围为-2.3342kJ/(mol·K)至-5.7602kJ/(mol·K)表明从腰果仁中提取油是可行的。此外，在表征后确定的油中的一些主要脂肪酸组成是油酸（71%）和亚油酸（32%）。使用傅里叶变换红外分析（FTIR）确定了油的键和潜在官能团，结果表明存在O-H、C-H、C-N、C=O、C-C和=C-H。
