Abraham Andrew T, Mojaddedi Sanaullah, Loseke Isaac H, Bray Christopher
Graduate Medical Education/North Florida Regional Medical Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Jun 12;16(6):e62246. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62246. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition where there is reduced blood flow due to narrowing or blockage of the arteries of the peripheral vasculature, is an epidemic that currently affects eight million people in the United States alone and is a major risk equivalent to having active coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is commonly underdiagnosed in the general population. Hypertension is a common cardiovascular condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels. There are several mitigating risk factors that can reduce the risk of complications of PAD, with hypertension playing a major role. This literature review aims to explore the relationship between hypertension and PAD, including their shared risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management strategies. In addition, we will analyze how this impacts major cardiovascular outcomes, such as critical limb ischemia, vascular amputation, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular-related death by examining relevant studies, current guidelines, and evidence. This literature review is intended to guide practitioners on ideal blood pressure parameters and evidence-based anti-hypertensives that provide overall cardiovascular benefit in both the primary care and hospital-based setting. By understanding the association between hypertension and PAD and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, healthcare professionals can improve diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for affected individuals.
外周动脉疾病（PAD）是一种由于外周血管系统动脉狭窄或阻塞导致血流减少的疾病，是一种流行病，目前仅在美国就影响着800万人，并且是与患有活动性冠状动脉疾病（CAD）相当的主要风险因素。然而，它在普通人群中常常未被诊断出来。高血压是一种常见的心血管疾病，其特征是血压水平升高。有几种可减轻风险的因素能够降低PAD并发症的风险，其中高血压起着主要作用。这篇文献综述旨在探讨高血压与PAD之间的关系，包括它们共同的风险因素、病理生理机制和管理策略。此外，我们将通过研究相关研究、现行指南和证据，分析这如何影响主要的心血管结局，如严重肢体缺血、血管截肢、心肌梗死（MI）、缺血性中风和心血管相关死亡。这篇文献综述旨在指导从业者了解理想的血压参数以及在初级保健和医院环境中均能提供总体心血管益处的循证抗高血压药物。通过了解高血压与PAD之间的关联以及潜在的病理生理机制，医疗保健专业人员可以改善对受影响个体的诊断、治疗和管理策略。
