Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2361503. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2361503. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the global health landscape, underscoring the crucial role that vaccinations play in achieving herd immunity and reducing the effects of pandemics. Given the importance of this issue, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that influence individuals' decisions to seek vaccination. This study aimed to compare the prediction level of the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a combined model in explaining the intention of adults to receive COVID-19 immunization. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults ( = 505) in Saudi Arabia. The survey contained variables related to the HBM and TPB. The prediction level of the two models as well as a combined model were evaluated utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among the recruited 505 participants, 88% fell within the 18 to 30 age range, and 54.5% were male. The proposed HBM model accounted for 68% of the variation in intention, whereas the TPB model explained 78.2% of the variation in COVID-19 vaccination intention. The combined model showed greater explanatory power (82%). The variables of susceptibility (β = 0.20, < .001), severity (β = 0.49, < .001), advantages (β = 0.63, < .001), and obstacles (β = - 0.24, < .001), perceptions of behavioral control (β = 1.58, < .001) and attitudes (β = 0.44, < .001) were found to significantly predict increased vaccination intentions in the combined model. However, the subjective norm construct did not significantly predict vaccination intentions (β = 0.06, = .34). The TPB has greater explanatory power than the HBM in predicting the intention to obtain COVID-19 vaccination. However, the combined model showed a greater prediction level. Understanding and identifying people's perceived health beliefs and practices is critical for developing successful COVID-19 intervention methods.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发对全球健康格局产生了重大影响，突显了疫苗接种在实现群体免疫和减轻大流行影响方面的关键作用。鉴于这一问题的重要性，我们必须深入了解影响个人接种疫苗决策的各种因素。本研究旨在比较健康信念模型（HBM）、计划行为理论（TPB）和综合模型在解释成年人接种 COVID-19 疫苗意愿方面的预测水平。在沙特阿拉伯，对成年人（n=505）进行了横断面在线调查。调查包含与 HBM 和 TPB 相关的变量。利用结构方程模型（SEM）评估了两个模型以及综合模型的预测水平。在招募的 505 名参与者中，88%的人年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间，54.5%的人是男性。所提出的 HBM 模型解释了意图变化的 68%，而 TPB 模型解释了 COVID-19 疫苗接种意图变化的 78.2%。综合模型显示出更大的解释力（82%）。易感性（β=0.20，<0.001）、严重性（β=0.49，<0.001）、优势（β=0.63，<0.001）和障碍（β=-0.24，<0.001）、感知行为控制（β=1.58，<0.001）和态度（β=0.44，<0.001）的变量被发现显著预测了综合模型中增加的疫苗接种意愿。然而，主观规范结构并未显著预测接种意愿（β=0.06，p=0.34）。在预测接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿方面，TPB 比 HBM 具有更大的解释力。然而，综合模型显示了更高的预测水平。了解和识别人们的感知健康信念和行为对于制定成功的 COVID-19 干预方法至关重要。
