Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Smoking Behavior among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.

COPD is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and results in increased healthcare costs and disability. Smoking is the main determinant of COPD development and continued use increases mortality as compared to those who have stopped smoking. Research has indicated that cigarette smoking may play a role in attempts to regulate distressing emotional experiences and thus, may be an important transdiagnostic process underlying continued smoking behavior among adults with COPD. The current study investigated the role of ER difficulties in relation to smoking status and cigarettes smoked per day among adults with COPD. This cross-sectional study included a sample was adults with COPD (N = 320). Participants self-reported current smoking status, daily smoking, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, probable depression, probable anxiety, and dyspnea severity. DERS total scores were associated with greater odds of current smoking. With the exception of impulsivity, all other dimensions of emotion regulation were significantly associated with current smoking. Greater difficulties in emotional awareness were associated with greater cigarettes smoked per day. However, neither the DERS total score nor any other dimensions of emotional regulation were significantly associated with cigarettes smoked per day. The present study provides preliminary data linking ER difficulties to smoking behavior among adults with COPD. If corroborated by future research, these findings suggest that ER might be a potential target for smoking cessation programs among adults with COPD.