Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0305005. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305005. eCollection 2024.
This study examines whether the experience of being bullied at school has a long-term impact on three health outcomes in adulthood in Japan: subjective health, mental health, and activity restriction due to health conditions. We employed a random effects model and the Karlson-Holm-Breen method to decompose the total effect of being bullied at school on health inequality into a direct effect and an indirect effect working through intervening factors including education, marriage, economic well-being, and social networks. We used the Japanese Life Course Panel Surveys 2007-2020 (waves 1-14), a nationally representative panel data set that includes 2,260 male and 2,608 female respondents. The results demonstrate that for both men and women, the direct effect of being bullied at school was strong and significant. Bullying experiences in childhood had a long-term impact on health outcomes in adulthood, regardless of social background and mediating factors of education, marriage, economic well-being, and social networks. Bullying victimization increased the risk of poor subjective health, low mental health scores, and activity restriction due to health conditions. Intervening factors (especially economic well-being and friendship) mediated the association between bullying experiences and all health outcomes, but their contributions were modest. Policy measures not only to prevent bullying during childhood but also to alleviate its negative consequences in adulthood should be considered to help people who have encountered adverse childhood experiences.
本研究考察了在日本，校园欺凌经历是否对成年人的三种健康结果（主观健康、心理健康和因健康状况而导致的活动受限）具有长期影响。我们采用了随机效应模型和 Karlson-Holm-Breen 方法，将校园欺凌对健康不平等的总效应分解为直接效应和间接效应，间接效应通过教育、婚姻、经济福祉和社交网络等中介因素发挥作用。我们使用了日本生活历程面板调查 2007-2020 年（第 1-14 波）的数据，这是一个全国代表性的面板数据集，包括 2260 名男性和 2608 名女性受访者。结果表明，对于男性和女性而言，校园欺凌的直接效应都很强且显著。童年时期的欺凌经历对成年后的健康结果有着长期影响，而与社会背景以及教育、婚姻、经济福祉和社交网络等中介因素无关。欺凌受害会增加主观健康不佳、心理健康评分低和因健康状况而导致的活动受限的风险。干预因素（尤其是经济福祉和友谊）在欺凌经历与所有健康结果之间的关联中起中介作用，但作用有限。应该考虑采取政策措施，不仅要在儿童时期预防欺凌，还要缓解其对成年人的负面影响，以帮助那些经历过不良童年经历的人。
