Han Zhuo-Ying, Ye Zi-Ying, Zhong Bao-Liang
Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China.
Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.
Transl Pediatr. 2025 Mar 31;14(3):463-472. doi: 10.21037/tp-2024-512. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
School bullying is a prevalent public health problem that adversely impacts adolescents' mental health. Defined as intentional, repeated, and harmful aggressive behaviors among peers, bullying leads to severe psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among victims. This narrative review aims to summarize the recent research progress on the conceptions, prevalence, and factors associated with school bullying and its impact on adolescent mental health. The ultimate goal is to inform the development of interventions for reducing or preventing mental health problems among adolescents from the perspective of school bullying.
Both Chinese- and English-language studies that focused on school bullying and its association with mental health among adolescents were retrieved via online literature search within PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to October 25, 2024. Findings from the included studies were qualitatively analyzed and summarized.
A significant percentage of adolescents worldwide experience school bullying. It is characterized by repetition, power imbalance, and intent to harm. Forms of bullying include verbal, physical, relational, sexual, and cyberbullying, with verbal bullying being the most frequently reported. Factors associated with school bullying include individual characteristics, family dynamics, school environment, and societal factors. The negative mental health impact of bullying in adolescents is profound, affecting not only victims but also bullies and bystanders, leading to short-term and long-term consequences such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicidal behaviors.
School bullying is a complex behavior with multifaceted causes and far-reaching mental health outcomes. While preventive measures have been implemented, the prevalence remains high, indicating a need for more effective interventions. The review underscores the importance of addressing school bullying from multiple angles, including individual, family, school, and societal levels, and calls for further research to examine newer and more effective interventions to mitigate the high risk of school bullying and its detrimental effects on adolescent mental health.
校园欺凌是一个普遍存在的公共卫生问题，对青少年的心理健康产生不利影响。欺凌被定义为同龄人之间故意、重复且有害的攻击行为，会导致严重的心理困扰，包括受害者的焦虑、抑郁和自杀念头。本叙述性综述旨在总结近期关于校园欺凌的概念、患病率、相关因素及其对青少年心理健康影响的研究进展。最终目标是从校园欺凌的角度为减少或预防青少年心理健康问题的干预措施的制定提供信息。
通过在PubMed、科学网和中国知网进行在线文献检索，检索从创刊至2024年10月25日期间聚焦于校园欺凌及其与青少年心理健康关联的中文和英文研究。对纳入研究的结果进行定性分析和总结。
全球相当比例的青少年经历过校园欺凌。其特点是重复、权力不平衡和伤害意图。欺凌形式包括言语欺凌、身体欺凌、关系欺凌、性欺凌和网络欺凌，其中言语欺凌是最常被报告的形式。与校园欺凌相关的因素包括个人特征、家庭动态、学校环境和社会因素。欺凌对青少年心理健康的负面影响深远，不仅影响受害者，还影响欺凌者和旁观者，导致焦虑、抑郁、药物滥用和自杀行为等短期和长期后果。
校园欺凌是一种具有多方面成因和深远心理健康后果的复杂行为。虽然已经实施了预防措施，但患病率仍然很高，这表明需要更有效的干预措施。该综述强调了从个人、家庭、学校和社会层面等多个角度解决校园欺凌问题的重要性，并呼吁进一步研究以检验更新、更有效的干预措施，以减轻校园欺凌的高风险及其对青少年心理健康的有害影响。
