The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
Arch Sex Behav. 2024 Aug;53(8):3139-3150. doi: 10.1007/s10508-024-02938-x. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals tend to live alone, mostly without children and with scarce support from nuclear family members or biological kin. Moreover, traditional resources may not suit their specific end-of-life care needs. While studies have examined these topics in general, they lack focus on end-of-life needs, care, and planning in Israel. Moreover, research on this topic among members of LGBTQ communities is specifically lacking. This study, therefore, aimed at identifying and understanding the attitudes, perceptions, and meanings of older LGBTQ individuals in Israel regarding their needs and challenges, as they age and near end of life. The phenomenological qualitative research methodology was applied, following the interpretive approach. Twenty-one middle-aged and older LGBTQ individuals in Israel, aged ≥ 55, participated in the study. In-depth semi-structured interviews, conducted from November 2020 to April 2021, were audio-recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Five themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Experiences of loneliness, marginalization, and trauma, and coping through liberation; (2) ageism and exclusion of older adults; (3) elastic and challenging relationships; (4) end of life as reverting into the closet and heteronormativity; and (5) death as a source of generativity and creativity. The study demonstrates that loneliness is an existential experience, exacerbated by the intersectionality of LGBTQ communities. In turn, chosen family members play a minimal role in the end-of-life care of their loved ones. While conveying ambivalence toward social services and housing for the aging, participants in this study expressed fear of being discriminated against and having to re-enter the closet as they age. Ageism and end of life do not represent finality and extinction, yet instead, signify hope and revival. Following Sandberg and Marshall's (2017) concept of queering aging futures, this study refines our understanding of life courses, demonstrating that living and thriving in old age could be positive and desirable. As such, ageism and end of life do not necessarily represent finality and extinction, and may instead signify hope and revival. The unique challenges associated with family and social support of older adults who are LGBTQ members, and their implications on care, deserve further research and are important for practice.
老年的女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和酷儿(LGBTQ)群体往往独自生活,大多没有孩子,也很少得到核心家庭或生物亲属的支持。此外,传统资源可能无法满足他们特定的临终关怀需求。尽管已有研究对这些问题进行了一般性的探讨,但它们缺乏对以色列 LGBTQ 群体的临终关怀需求、护理和规划的关注。此外,针对 LGBTQ 群体成员的这一主题的研究也特别缺乏。因此,本研究旨在确定和了解以色列中老年 LGBTQ 群体对他们随着年龄增长和接近生命终点时的需求和挑战的态度、看法和意义。本研究采用了现象学定性研究方法,并遵循解释学方法。21 名年龄在 55 岁及以上的以色列中老年 LGBTQ 群体参加了研究。研究人员于 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 4 月期间进行了深入的半结构式访谈,访谈内容被录音、转录并进行了去识别处理。访谈中出现了五个主题:(1)孤独、边缘化和创伤的经历,以及通过解放来应对;(2)年龄歧视和对老年人的排斥;(3)弹性和具有挑战性的关系;(4)生命终点时回归到壁橱和异性恋规范;以及(5)死亡是产生力和创造力的源泉。研究表明,孤独是一种存在主义的体验,这种体验因 LGBTQ 群体的交叉性而加剧。相反,选择的家庭成员在其亲人的临终关怀中扮演着微不足道的角色。虽然参与者对社会服务和老年人住房持矛盾态度,但他们表达了对被歧视和随着年龄增长而不得不重新进入壁橱的恐惧。年龄歧视和生命终点并不代表终结和消亡,而是代表着希望和复兴。本研究借鉴了 Sandberg 和 Marshall(2017)关于老龄化未来的酷儿化概念,深化了我们对生命历程的理解,表明在老年时生活和茁壮成长是积极和可取的。因此,年龄歧视和生命终点并不一定代表终结和消亡,而可能代表着希望和复兴。家庭和社会对 LGBTQ 群体老年成员的支持所带来的独特挑战及其对护理的影响,值得进一步研究,这对实践也很重要。