Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Prim Care. 2024 Jul 15;25(1):255. doi: 10.1186/s12875-024-02502-5.
Self-efficacy is the ability to execute, and it is a critical predictor of health-related outcomes among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Self-efficacy directly determines treatment outcome. However, there is no evidence on the self-efficacy of PLHIV for self-management in Ethiopia. Currently, HIV is considered a manageable chronic disease. However, the burden remains high despite all the taken measures.
This study aimed to assess the self-efficacy of PLHIV for self-management at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH), northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on PLHIV selected by a systematic random sampling technique using an interviewer-administered questionnaire at the UOGCSH from August 10 to September 30, 2022. The data was entered and analyzed using the Statically Package for Social Science version 25.0. Categorical variables were summarized as frequency (percentage) of the total. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, such as the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to detect difference. P-value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistically significance.
Overall, 405 PLHIV participated in the study, giving a 96% response rate. The overall median (Interquartile range) self-efficacy score of PLHIV for self-management was 22 (4) and 67.4% of the PLHIV self-efficacy score was above the median. A statistically significant difference was detected between the social support groups (χ (2) = 37.17, p < 0.0001), education background (U = 10,347, Z = 2.279, P = 0.023, r = 0.113), living conditions (U = 12,338, Z = 2.457, P = 0.014, r = 0.122) and medication adherence (U = 9516.5, Z = 3.699, P < 0.0001, r = 0.184).
Most participants' self-efficacy score was above the median. Statistically significant differences in self-efficacy were observed based on individual, environmental, and clinical factors. We suggest training and workshops for healthcare workers and the hospital and adherence support groups should work to improve the self-efficacy of PLHIV.
自我效能感是执行的能力，它是影响艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）健康相关结果的关键预测因素。自我效能感直接决定治疗效果。然而，在埃塞俄比亚，目前尚无关于 PLHIV 自我管理自我效能感的证据。目前，艾滋病毒被认为是一种可管理的慢性疾病。然而，尽管采取了所有措施，但其负担仍然很高。
本研究旨在评估 2022 年在埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学综合专科医院（UOGCSH）PLHIV 的自我管理自我效能感。
采用系统随机抽样技术，于 2022 年 8 月 10 日至 9 月 30 日在 UOGCSH 对 PLHIV 进行横断面研究，采用访谈者管理的问卷进行调查。使用 Statically Package for Social Science 版本 25.0 输入和分析数据。分类变量以总数的频率（百分比）进行总结。进行描述性和推断性统计，如 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验和 Mann-Whitney U 检验，以检测差异。P 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
总体而言，有 405 名 PLHIV 参与了研究，应答率为 96%。PLHIV 自我管理自我效能感的总体中位数（四分位距）为 22（4），67.4%的 PLHIV 自我效能感得分高于中位数。社会支持组之间存在统计学显著差异（χ(2)=37.17，p<0.0001）、教育背景（U=10，347，Z=2.279，P=0.023，r=0.113）、生活条件（U=12，338，Z=2.457，P=0.014，r=0.122）和药物依从性（U=9516.5，Z=3.699，P<0.0001，r=0.184）。
大多数参与者的自我效能感得分高于中位数。根据个人、环境和临床因素，自我效能感存在统计学显著差异。我们建议培训和工作坊为卫生保健工作者和医院，并坚持支持小组，以提高 PLHIV 的自我效能感。
