Tamu John Bosco Munezero, Mfitumukiza Valence, Okafor Christiana Nkiru, Mandera Immaculate, Kabami Jane, Arineitwe Edward Bwengye, Namuyibwa Lydia, Izo Herbert, Baikaitwoha Everd, Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper
Kabale University School of Medicine.
Edward Bwengye Arineitwe. Kabale local government.
Res Sq. 2024 Jul 2:rs.3.rs-4579650. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579650/v1.
Globally, one billion people have hypertension (HT), it kills 9.4 million people annually. Prevalence is higher in developed countries and is rapidly rising in developing countries, and approximately 31.5% of Ugandans have HT.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with HT among adults aged 25-65 years in the Ndorwa West HSD, Kabale District.
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 381 adults aged 25-65 years in Ndorwa West HSD, using a modified WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Chi-square tests with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) and p-values less than 0.05, were used to assess the association between hypertension and associated factors. Odds Ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) estimated the risk.
The prevalence of HT and pre-HT in Ndorwa HSD was 28.3% and 45.7%, respectively. 61.8% (n = 243) were females and 36.1% (n = 142) were males with a mean age of 48.18 years and standard deviation of 11.5 years. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.92 kg/m and the standard deviation was 3.69 kg/m. Only Age (p = 0.010, OR = 1.81(1.14-2.87) and level of education (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with hypertension. age ≥ 45years increased the likelihood of developing HT by 0.81 times. Behavioral factors associated with HT included awareness of the BP status (p = 0.010, OR = 0.53(CI: 0.32-0.87),use of fats/oil for cooking (p = 0.02, OR = 1.73 (CI: 1.09-2.75)), reduced salt intake (p = 0.001, OR = 0.075(CI:0.01-0.55)), and overweight and obesity (BMI) level ( p = 0.010, OR = 1.77 (CI 1.12-2.80)). BMI ≥ 25kg/m increased the likelihood of developing HT by 0.77 times.
The prevalence of HT and pre-HT in this rapidly transitioning rural-urban population was high. The risk of CVDs is about 16 folds higher among pre-HT compared to no HT and doubles for every 10-mmHg increase in BP. Hence, the considerable risk and burden of HT and related CVDs that require a dire need to adopt strategies to prevent and control hypertension based on the identified associated risk factors in Ndorwa HSD.
全球有10亿人患有高血压（HT），每年有940万人死于高血压。发达国家的患病率更高，且在发展中国家迅速上升，约31.5%的乌干达人患有高血压。
本研究旨在确定卡巴莱区恩多瓦西卫生与发展区25至65岁成年人中高血压的患病率及其相关危险因素。
在恩多瓦西卫生与发展区对381名25至65岁的成年人进行了基于社区的横断面调查，采用改良的世界卫生组织慢性病危险因素监测逐步方法。使用95%置信区间（CI）和p值小于0.05的卡方检验来评估高血压与相关因素之间的关联。优势比（OR）及其相应的95%置信区间（95%CI）估计风险。
恩多瓦卫生与发展区高血压和高血压前期的患病率分别为28.3%和45.7%。61.8%（n = 243）为女性，36.1%（n = 142）为男性，平均年龄为48.18岁，标准差为11.5岁。平均体重指数（BMI）为25.92kg/m，标准差为3.69kg/m。只有年龄（p = 0.010，OR = 1.81（1.14 - 2.87））和教育水平（p = 0.04）与高血压显著相关。年龄≥45岁使患高血压的可能性增加0.81倍。与高血压相关的行为因素包括对血压状况的知晓（p = 0.010，OR = 0.53（CI：0.32 - 0.87））、烹饪时使用油脂（p = 0.02，OR = 1.73（CI：1.09 - 2.75））、减少盐摄入量（p = 0.001，OR = 0.075（CI：0.01 - 0.55））以及超重和肥胖（BMI）水平（p = 0.010，OR = 1.77（CI 1.12 - 2.80））。BMI≥25kg/m使患高血压的可能性增加0.77倍。
在这个快速转型的城乡人口中，高血压和高血压前期的患病率很高。与无高血压相比，高血压前期人群患心血管疾病的风险高约16倍，血压每升高10mmHg，风险翻倍。因此，高血压及相关心血管疾病的风险和负担相当大，迫切需要根据恩多瓦卫生与发展区确定的相关危险因素采取预防和控制高血压的策略。
