在苏丹东部加达里夫的成年人中，高血压的流行情况及其相关因素：一项基于社区的研究。
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gadarif in eastern Sudan: a community-based study.
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan.
Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;20(1):291. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8386-5.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is becoming an increasingly common health issue worldwide, especially in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide, and it is the leading risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The data on hypertension in Sudan that has been published is limited. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors.
METHODS
A multistage sampling survey was conducted in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, from January to May 2018 to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in adults in Eastern Sudan. The World Health Organization (WHO) three-level stepwise approach questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, height, weight marital status, education level, smoking habit, alcohol consumption habit, and family history of hypertension). Hypertension was defined as the presence of an average blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg or the reported use of anti-hypertensive medications for high blood pressure.
RESULTS
A total of 600 participants (mean age: 44.9 years) were enrolled in this study. Four hundred twenty-two (70.3%) participants were women, and 196 (32.7%) participants were obese. Of the 600 enrolled participants, 245 (40.8%) individuals had hypertension, 44 (7.3%) had been previously diagnosed with hypertension, and 201 (33.5%) were newly diagnosed with hypertension. A logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations across the education level, marital status, overweight and hypertension factors. However, an older age (adjusted OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.28-4.51, P < 0.001) and obesity (adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.57-3.69, P < 0.001) were associated with the presence of hypertension.
CONCLUSION
There is a high rate of hypertension in Eastern Sudan, especially among older and obese individuals. Preventive measures, such as dietary measures, should be implemented.
背景
高血压在全球范围内正成为越来越普遍的健康问题，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲国家。高血压是全球范围内导致过早死亡和残疾的主要风险因素，也是全球心血管疾病死亡率的主要风险因素。已发表的关于苏丹高血压的数据有限。我们进行这项研究是为了评估高血压的流行情况及其相关危险因素。
方法
2018 年 1 月至 5 月，在苏丹东部加达里夫市进行了多阶段抽样调查，以调查苏丹东部成年人高血压的流行情况及其相关因素。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）三级逐步方法问卷收集社会人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、身高、体重、婚姻状况、教育程度、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯和高血压家族史）。高血压定义为平均血压≥140/90mmHg 或报告使用抗高血压药物治疗高血压。
结果
本研究共纳入 600 名参与者（平均年龄：44.9 岁）。422 名（70.3%）参与者为女性，196 名（32.7%）参与者肥胖。在纳入的 600 名参与者中，245 名（40.8%）人患有高血压，44 名（7.3%）人以前被诊断患有高血压，201 名（33.5%）人新诊断为高血压。Logistic 回归分析显示，教育程度、婚姻状况、超重与高血压之间无显著相关性。然而，年龄较大（调整后的 OR=3.20，95%CI=2.28-4.51，P<0.001）和肥胖（调整后的 OR=2.41，95%CI=1.57-3.69，P<0.001）与高血压的存在相关。
结论
苏丹东部高血压的发病率很高，尤其是在老年人和肥胖人群中。应采取饮食等预防措施。
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