Department of Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
mSphere. 2024 Aug 28;9(8):e0064123. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00641-23. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Fungi were some of the earliest organismal systems used to explore mutational processes and its phenotypic consequences on members of a species. Yeasts that cause significant human disease were quickly incorporated into these investigations to define the genetic and phenotypic drivers of virulence. Among species, has emerged as a model for studying genomic processes of evolution because of its clinical relevance, relatively small genome, and ability to tolerate complex chromosomal changes. Here, we describe major recent findings that used evolution of strains from defined genetic backgrounds to delineate mutational and adaptative processes and include how nascent exploration into naturally occurring variation is contributing to these conceptual frameworks. Ultimately, efforts to discern adaptive mechanisms used by will continue to divulge new biology and can better inform treatment regimens for the increasing prevalence of fungal disease.
真菌是最早被用于探索突变过程及其对物种成员表型后果的生物体系统之一。导致人类重大疾病的酵母很快被纳入这些研究中，以确定毒力的遗传和表型驱动因素。在这些物种中， 已成为研究基因组进化过程的模型，因为它与临床相关，基因组相对较小，并且能够耐受复杂的染色体变化。在这里，我们描述了主要的最新发现，这些发现利用来自明确遗传背景的菌株进化来描绘突变和适应性过程，并包括如何新兴探索自然发生的变异如何为这些概念框架做出贡献。最终，努力辨别 所使用的适应机制将继续揭示新的生物学，并可以更好地为真菌病日益流行的治疗方案提供信息。
