Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nat Med. 2024 Oct;30(10):2771-2776. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03189-y. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and their transmission to dairy cattle and animals, including humans, poses a major global public health threat. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus is considered a public health priority. In the United States, three H5N1 vaccines derived from earlier strains of HPAI H5N1 (A/Vietnam, clade 1, and A/Indonesia, clade 2.1) virus, with (MF59 or AS03) or without adjuvants, are licensed and stockpiled for pre-pandemic preparedness, but whether they can elicit neutralizing antibodies against circulating H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the binding, hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody response generated after vaccination of adults with the three licensed vaccines. Individuals vaccinated with the two adjuvanted licensed H5N1 vaccines generated cross-reactive binding and cross-neutralizing antibodies against the HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 virus. Seroconversion rates of 60-95% against H5 clade 2.3.4.4b were observed after two doses of AS03-adjuvanted-A/Indonesia or three doses of MF59-adjuvanted-A/Vietnam vaccine. These findings suggest that the stockpiled US-licensed adjuvanted H5N1 vaccines generate cross-neutralizing antibodies against circulating HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in humans and may be useful as bridging vaccines until updated H5N1 vaccines become available.
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1 谱系 2.3.4.4b 病毒的出现及其向奶牛和包括人类在内的动物的传播,对全球公共卫生构成了重大威胁。因此,开发针对 H5N1 谱系 2.3.4.4b 病毒的有效疫苗和疗法被认为是公共卫生的当务之急。在美国,三种源自先前高致病性禽流感 H5N1(A/Vietnam,谱系 1 和 A/Indonesia,谱系 2.1)病毒的 H5N1 疫苗,具有(MF59 或 AS03)或不具有佐剂,已获得许可并储备用于大流行前的准备,但它们是否能诱发生殖针对循环 H5N1 谱系 2.3.4.4b 病毒的中和抗体尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们评估了三种许可疫苗接种成年人后的结合、血凝抑制和中和抗体反应。接种两种佐剂许可 H5N1 疫苗的个体产生了针对 HPAI 谱系 2.3.4.4b 的交叉反应性结合和交叉中和抗体针对 A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 病毒。在接受两剂 AS03 佐剂 A/Indonesia 或三剂 MF59 佐剂 A/Vietnam 疫苗后,观察到对 H5 谱系 2.3.4.4b 的血清转化率为 60-95%。这些发现表明,储备的美国许可的佐剂 H5N1 疫苗可在人类中产生针对循环 HPAI H5N1 谱系 2.3.4.4b 的交叉中和抗体,并且在更新的 H5N1 疫苗可用之前可能有用作为桥梁疫苗。
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