Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Vaccine. 2024 Oct 24;42(24):126112. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.013. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Residents of nursing homes remain an epidemiologically important population for COVID-19 prevention efforts, including vaccination. We aim to understand effectiveness of bivalent vaccination for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections in this population.
We used a retrospective cohort of nursing home residents from November 1, 2022, through March 31, 2023, to identify new SARS-CoV-2 infections. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios comparing residents with a bivalent vaccination compared with residents not up to date with vaccination recommendations. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1 - Hazard Ratio) * 100.
Among 6,916 residents residing in 76 nursing homes included in our cohort, 3,211 (46%) received a bivalent vaccine 7 or more days prior to censoring. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing receipt of a bivalent vaccine versus not up to date vaccine status was 29% (95% Confidence interval 18% to 39%). Vaccine effectiveness for receipt of a bivalent vaccine against residents who were unvaccinated or vaccinated more than a year prior was 32% (95% CI: 20% to 42%,) and was 25% compared with residents who were vaccinated with a monovalent vaccine in the past 61-365 days (95% CI:10% to 37%).
Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines provided additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections in nursing home residents during our study time-period, compared to both no vaccination or vaccination more than a year ago and monovalent vaccination 60 - 365 days prior. Ensuring nursing home residents stay up to date with vaccine recommendations remains a critical tool for COVID-19 prevention efforts.
养老院居民仍然是 COVID-19 预防工作（包括疫苗接种）的一个具有重要流行病学意义的人群。我们旨在了解二价疫苗在该人群中预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的效果。
我们使用了 2022 年 11 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 31 日期间养老院居民的回顾性队列，以确定新的 SARS-CoV-2 感染病例。使用 Cox 比例风险模型比较接受二价疫苗接种的居民与未及时接种疫苗建议的居民的风险比。疫苗效力估计为（1 - 风险比）* 100。
在我们的队列中，有 6916 名居住在 76 家养老院的居民，其中 3211 名（46%）在截止日期前 7 天或以上接受了二价疫苗接种。与未及时接种疫苗相比，接种二价疫苗对实验室确诊的 SARS-CoV-2 感染的调整疫苗效力为 29%（95%置信区间为 18%至 39%）。与未接种疫苗或一年前接种疫苗的居民相比，接种二价疫苗对未接种疫苗或一年前接种疫苗的居民的疫苗效力为 32%（95%CI：20%至 42%），与过去 61-365 天内接种单价疫苗的居民相比，疫苗效力为 25%（95%CI：10%至 37%）。
与未接种疫苗或一年前接种疫苗以及过去 60-365 天内接种单价疫苗相比，二价 COVID-19 疫苗在我们的研究期间为养老院居民提供了针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的额外保护。确保养老院居民及时接种疫苗建议仍然是 COVID-19 预防工作的重要工具。
