Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
Trends Mol Med. 2024 Oct;30(10):965-981. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.06.009. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), lacks effective treatments, and >60% of cases are glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form. Despite advances in immunotherapy, GBM remains highly resistant. Approaches that target tumor antigens expedite the development of immunotherapies, including personalized tumor-specific vaccines, patient-specific target selection, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR) T cells. Recent studies show promising results in treating GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG), fostering hope for future immunotherapy. This review discusses tumor vaccines against glioma, preclinical models in immunological research, and the role of CD4 T cells in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. We also summarize clinical approaches, challenges, and future research for creating more effective vaccines.
神经胶质瘤是中枢神经系统（CNS）最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤，缺乏有效治疗方法，其中超过 60%为胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），是最具侵袭性的形式。尽管免疫疗法取得了进展，但 GBM 仍然具有高度耐药性。靶向肿瘤抗原的方法加速了免疫疗法的发展，包括个性化肿瘤特异性疫苗、患者特异性靶标选择、树突状细胞（DC）疫苗、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）和 T 细胞受体（TCR）T 细胞。最近的研究表明，针对 GBM 和低级别神经胶质瘤（LGG）的治疗有可喜的结果，为未来的免疫疗法带来了希望。本文综述了针对神经胶质瘤的肿瘤疫苗、免疫研究中的临床前模型以及 CD4 T 细胞在疫苗诱导抗肿瘤免疫中的作用。我们还总结了创造更有效的疫苗的临床方法、挑战和未来研究。
