a Neurological Surgery , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016 Oct;16(10):1265-75. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1214266. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Cancer immunotherapy has made much progress in recent years. Clinical trials evaluating a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches are underway in patients with malignant gliomas. Thanks to recent advancements in cell engineering technologies, infusion of ex vivo prepared immune cells have emerged as promising strategies of cancer immunotherapy.
Herein, the authors review recent and current studies using cellular immunotherapies for malignant gliomas. Specifically, they cover the following areas: a) cellular vaccine approaches using tumor cell-based or dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, and b) adoptive cell transfer (ACT) approaches, including lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and T-cell receptor (TCR) transduced T cells.
While some of the recent studies have shown promising results, the ultimate success of cellular immunotherapy in brain tumor patients would require improvements in the following areas: 1) feasibility in producing cellular therapeutics; 2) identification and characterization of targetable antigens given the paucity and heterogeneity of tumor specific antigens; 3) the development of strategies to promote effector T-cell trafficking; 4) overcoming local and systemic immune suppression, and 5) proper interpretation of imaging data for brain tumor patients receiving immunotherapy.
近年来，癌症免疫疗法取得了很大进展。在恶性脑胶质瘤患者中进行的各种免疫治疗方法的临床试验正在进行中。由于细胞工程技术的最新进展，体外制备的免疫细胞输注已成为癌症免疫治疗的有前途的策略。
本文作者回顾了使用细胞免疫疗法治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的最新和当前研究。具体而言，他们涵盖了以下领域：a）基于肿瘤细胞或树突状细胞（DC）的细胞疫苗方法，以及 b）过继细胞转移（ACT）方法，包括淋巴因子激活的杀伤（LAK）细胞、γδ T 细胞、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T 细胞和 TCR 转导的 T 细胞。
虽然最近的一些研究显示出有希望的结果，但细胞免疫疗法在脑肿瘤患者中的最终成功需要在以下几个方面进行改进：1）生产细胞治疗药物的可行性；2）鉴于肿瘤特异性抗原的缺乏和异质性，确定和表征可靶向抗原；3）开发促进效应 T 细胞迁移的策略；4）克服局部和全身免疫抑制，以及 5）对接受免疫治疗的脑肿瘤患者的影像学数据进行正确解释。
