Invited commentary: policies that support working parents and gender health equity-needed research and methodological challenges.

In a recent issue of the Journal, Platt et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(10):1362-1371) shed new light on the potential for supportive employment benefits, including family leave, flexible work hours, and employer-provided or subsidized childcare, to mitigate the risk of depression among full-time working mothers. The authors used a longitudinal study design and rigorous methods to carefully consider potential sources of bias, and, more broadly, their article underscores the importance of employment benefits as a social determinant of mental health for working mothers. In this commentary, we discuss some of the policy context surrounding employer benefits that support parenting, particularly around paid versus unpaid family leave laws and ordinances. We consider the ways in which the policy context affects larger structural inequities and the potential implications for internal and external validity. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.