Hartley Gemma E, Fryer Holly A, Gill Paul A, Boo Irene, Bornheimer Scott J, Hogarth P Mark, Drummer Heidi E, O'Hehir Robyn E, Edwards Emily S J, van Zelm Menno C
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Viral Entry and Vaccines Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
NPJ Vaccines. 2024 Jul 17;9(1):129. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00919-8.
Booster vaccinations are recommended to improve protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. With primary vaccinations involving various adenoviral vector and mRNA-based formulations, it remains unclear if these differentially affect the immune response to booster doses. We examined the effects of homologous (mRNA/mRNA) and heterologous (adenoviral vector/mRNA) vaccination on antibody and memory B cell (Bmem) responses against ancestral and Omicron subvariants. Healthy adults who received primary BNT162b2 (mRNA) or ChAdOx1 (vector) vaccination were sampled 1-month and 6-months after their 2nd and 3rd dose (homologous or heterologous) vaccination. Recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins from ancestral, Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants were produced for ELISA-based serology, and tetramerized for immunophenotyping of RBD-specific Bmem. Dose 3 boosters significantly increased ancestral RBD-specific plasma IgG and Bmem in both cohorts. Up to 80% of ancestral RBD-specific Bmem expressed IgG1. IgG4 Bmem were detectable after primary mRNA vaccination, and expanded significantly to 5-20% after dose 3, whereas heterologous boosting did not elicit IgG4 Bmem. Recognition of Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 by ancestral RBD-specific plasma IgG increased from 20% to 60% after the 3rd dose in both cohorts. Reactivity of ancestral RBD-specific Bmem to Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 increased following a homologous booster from 40% to 60%, but not after a heterologous booster. A 3rd mRNA dose generates similarly robust serological and Bmem responses in homologous and heterologous vaccination groups. The expansion of IgG4 Bmem after mRNA priming might result from the unique vaccine formulation or dosing schedule affecting the Bmem response duration and antibody maturation.
建议进行加强免疫接种,以提高对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染所致疾病的防护。由于初次接种涉及多种腺病毒载体和基于信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的制剂,目前尚不清楚这些制剂对加强剂量免疫反应的影响是否存在差异。我们研究了同源(mRNA/mRNA)和异源(腺病毒载体/mRNA)接种对针对原始毒株和奥密克戎亚变体的抗体及记忆B细胞(Bmem)反应的影响。对接受初次BNT162b2(mRNA)或ChAdOx1(载体)接种的健康成年人,在其第2剂和第3剂(同源或异源)接种后的1个月和6个月进行采样。制备了来自原始毒株、奥密克戎BA.2和BA.5变体的重组刺突受体结合域(RBD)蛋白,用于基于酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)的血清学检测,并将其四聚化用于RBD特异性Bmem的免疫表型分析。第3剂加强针显著增加了两个队列中针对原始RBD的血浆免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和Bmem。高达80%的针对原始RBD的Bmem表达IgG1。初次mRNA接种后可检测到IgG4 Bmem,第3剂后显著扩增至5% - 20%,而异源加强接种未引发IgG4 Bmem。在两个队列中,第3剂接种后,针对原始RBD的血浆IgG对奥密克戎BA.2和BA.5的识别率从20%提高到了60%。同源加强接种后,针对原始RBD的Bmem对奥密克戎BA.2和BA.5的反应性从40%提高到了60%,而异源加强接种后则未提高。第3剂mRNA接种在同源和异源接种组中产生了同样强烈的血清学和Bmem反应。mRNA初次接种后IgG4 Bmem的扩增可能是由于独特的疫苗制剂或给药方案影响了Bmem反应持续时间和抗体成熟。