Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Postepy Biochem. 2024 May 23;70(1):57-61. doi: 10.18388/pb.2021_522.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are generated from stem-loop-structured double-stranded RNA precursors by the consecutive action of the two RNase III-type endoribonuclease Drosha and Dicer. However, such structures are very common on cellular transcripts and specific features have evolved that guide and regulate processing of stem-loop-structured hairpins into mature and functional miRNAs. These features include sequence motifs and local RNA structures but also trans-acting factors such as RNA binding proteins. The menu of features required for miRNA biogenesis is summarized in this review.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是由茎环结构的双链 RNA 前体通过两个 RNase III 型内切核酸酶 Drosha 和 Dicer 的连续作用产生的。然而，这种结构在细胞转录物中非常常见，并且已经进化出了特定的特征，这些特征可以指导和调节茎环结构发夹体加工成成熟和有功能的 miRNAs。这些特征包括序列基序和局部 RNA 结构，但也包括反式作用因子，如 RNA 结合蛋白。本文综述了 miRNA 生物发生所需的特征。
