Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
J Hematol Oncol. 2024 Aug 12;17(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01591-0.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), once considered transcriptional noise, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and key players in cancer biology. Recent breakthroughs have revealed that certain lncRNAs can encode small open reading frame (sORF)-derived peptides, which are now understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of various cancers. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the detection, functional roles, and clinical implications of lncRNA-encoded peptides in cancer. We discuss technological advancements in the detection and validation of sORFs, including ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry, which have facilitated the discovery of these peptides. The functional roles of lncRNA-encoded peptides in cancer processes such as gene transcription, translation regulation, signal transduction, and metabolic reprogramming are explored in various types of cancer. The clinical potential of these peptides is highlighted, with a focus on their utility as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. The challenges and future directions in translating these findings into clinical practice are also discussed, including the need for large-scale validation, development of sensitive detection methods, and optimization of peptide stability and delivery.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA），曾被认为是转录噪声，现已成为基因表达的关键调控因子和癌症生物学的关键参与者。最近的突破表明，某些 lncRNA 可以编码小开放阅读框（sORF）衍生的肽，这些肽现在被认为有助于各种癌症的发病机制。本综述综合了目前关于 lncRNA 编码肽在癌症中的检测、功能作用和临床意义的知识。我们讨论了检测和验证 sORF 的技术进展，包括核糖体图谱和质谱分析，这些技术促进了这些肽的发现。探讨了 lncRNA 编码肽在基因转录、翻译调控、信号转导和代谢重编程等各种类型癌症过程中的功能作用。强调了这些肽的临床潜力，重点介绍了它们作为诊断生物标志物、预后指标和治疗靶点的用途。还讨论了将这些发现转化为临床实践所面临的挑战和未来方向，包括需要进行大规模验证、开发敏感的检测方法以及优化肽的稳定性和递送。
