Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Jul 18;13:e54365. doi: 10.2196/54365.
BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians are at the forefront of the clinical process that can lead to diagnosis, referral, and treatment. With electronic medical records (EMRs) being introduced and, over time, gaining acceptance by primary care users, they have now become a standard part of care. EMRs have the potential to be further optimized with the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI). There has yet to be a widespread exploration of the use of AI in primary health care and how clinicians envision AI use to encourage further uptake. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this research is to understand if the user-centered design approach, rooted in contextual design, can lead to an increased likelihood of adoption of an AI-enabled encounter module embedded in a primary care EMR. In this study, we use human factor models and the technology acceptance model to understand the results. METHODS: To accomplish this, a partnership has been established with an industry partner, TELUS Health, to use their EMR, the collaborative health record. The overall intention is to understand how to improve the user experience by using user-centered design to inform how AI should be embedded in an EMR encounter. Given this intention, a user-centered approach will be used to accomplish it. The approach of user-centered design requires qualitative interviewing to gain a clear understanding of users' approaches, intentions, and other key insights to inform the design process. A total of 5 phases have been designed for this study. RESULTS: As of March 2024, a total of 14 primary care clinician participants have been recruited and interviewed. First-cycle coding of all qualitative data results is being conducted to inform redesign considerations. CONCLUSIONS: Some limitations need to be acknowledged related to the approach of this study. There is a lack of market maturity of AI-enabled EMR encounters in primary care, requiring research to take place through scenario-based interviews. However, this participant group will still help inform design considerations for this tool. This study is targeted for completion in the late fall of 2024. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/54365.
背景：初级保健医生处于临床过程的前沿，这可能导致诊断、转诊和治疗。随着电子病历（EMR）的引入，并随着时间的推移逐渐被初级保健用户接受，它们现在已成为护理的标准组成部分。EMR 可以通过引入人工智能（AI）进一步优化。目前还没有广泛探索人工智能在初级保健中的应用，以及临床医生如何设想人工智能的使用来鼓励进一步采用。
目的：本研究的主要目的是了解基于情境设计的以用户为中心的设计方法是否可以提高在初级保健 EMR 中嵌入人工智能的可接受模块的采用可能性。在这项研究中，我们使用人类因素模型和技术接受模型来理解结果。
方法：为此，与行业合作伙伴 TELUS Health 建立了合作伙伴关系，使用他们的 EMR，即协作健康记录。总体意图是通过使用以用户为中心的设计来了解如何改善用户体验，从而告知如何在 EMR 中嵌入 AI。基于此意图，将采用以用户为中心的方法来实现它。以用户为中心的设计方法需要进行定性访谈，以清晰了解用户的方法、意图和其他关键见解，从而为设计过程提供信息。这项研究共设计了 5 个阶段。
结果：截至 2024 年 3 月，共招募并采访了 14 名初级保健临床医生参与者。正在对所有定性数据结果进行第一轮编码，以提供重新设计的考虑因素。
结论：需要承认与这项研究方法相关的一些局限性。在初级保健中，人工智能支持的 EMR 交互缺乏市场成熟度，需要通过基于场景的访谈进行研究。然而，该参与者群体仍将有助于为该工具提供设计考虑因素。这项研究计划于 2024 年末完成。
国际注册报告标识符（IRRID）：DERR1-10.2196/54365。
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