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教科文组织展示洞穴的微气候和颗粒物的自然和人为影响。

Natural and anthropogenic impact on the microclimate and particulate matter in the UNESCO show cave.

机构信息

Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva Ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

出版信息

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul;31(35):48313-48331. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34366-8. Epub 2024 Jul 19.

DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-34366-8
PMID:39028456
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11297898/
Abstract

Particulate matter concentrations (PM, PM, PM) and microclimatic parameters (air temperature, CO) were monitored in the Škocjan Caves (Slovenia). The effects of tourist visits on the PM concentrations and the cave's microclimate are immediate and direct, but these values normalise relatively quickly. The results showed seasonal, diurnal, and spatial differences in all parameters studied. Due to the higher number of visitors, their influence on the cave's microclimate and PM and PM concentrations is greater in summer than in winter. The measured PM levels depend on the ventilation in the cave, as air transport plays an important role in their introduction into the cave. PM consists of minerals of natural origin resulting from the re-suspension of cave sediments due to strong air currents generated by the opening of the doors to tourists and their walks. The second most common influence is the anthropogenic phases originating from maintenance work in the cave, electronic devices, cave lighting and emissions from outside the cave (aerosols from the polluted Reka River, industry, traffic, gypsum waste disposal). In order to upgrade the sustainable use of the UNESCO-listed Škocjan Caves for tourism, we propose regular monitoring of PM and a detailed characterization of individual PMs and their sources, in addition to monitoring of the cave's microclimate and biology.

摘要

在斯科契扬洞（斯洛文尼亚）监测了颗粒物浓度（PM、PM、PM）和微气候参数（空气温度、CO）。游客对 PM 浓度和洞穴微气候的影响是直接和即时的，但这些值会相对较快地恢复正常。结果表明，所有研究参数都存在季节性、昼夜性和空间差异。由于游客人数较多，夏季游客对洞穴微气候和 PM、PM 浓度的影响大于冬季。测量的 PM 水平取决于洞穴的通风情况，因为空气传输在其进入洞穴的过程中起着重要作用。PM 由自然来源的矿物质组成，这些矿物质是由于空气强烈流动而重新悬浮在洞穴沉积物中产生的，这些空气流动是由于游客进出洞穴和行走所产生的。第二个常见的影响是来自洞穴维护工作、电子设备、洞穴照明和洞穴外排放（受污染的雷克亚河、工业、交通、石膏废物处理产生的气溶胶）的人为阶段。为了提升被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的斯科契扬洞的可持续旅游业利用，我们建议定期监测 PM 并对其进行详细特征描述，以及监测洞穴的微气候和生物。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/fb88cf34efba/11356_2024_34366_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/29b849d589fe/11356_2024_34366_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/f8f987cca793/11356_2024_34366_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/4c38bbe0b475/11356_2024_34366_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/4ef2afce6ec6/11356_2024_34366_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/80814e52444c/11356_2024_34366_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/fb88cf34efba/11356_2024_34366_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/29b849d589fe/11356_2024_34366_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/f8f987cca793/11356_2024_34366_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/4c38bbe0b475/11356_2024_34366_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/4ef2afce6ec6/11356_2024_34366_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/80814e52444c/11356_2024_34366_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adec/11297898/fb88cf34efba/11356_2024_34366_Fig6_HTML.jpg

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