Tomazin Rok, Simčič Saša, Stopinšek Sanja, Kopitar Andreja Nataša, Kukec Andreja, Matos Tadeja, Mulec Janez
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Health Centre Hrastnik, Novi dom 11, SI-1430 Hrastnik, Slovenia.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 23;11(10):2381. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102381.
Aerosols in caves are natural tracers and, together with climatic parameters, provide a detailed insight into atmospheric conditions, responses to climatic changes and anthropogenic influences in caves. Microbiological air monitoring in show caves is becoming increasingly useful to understand changes in cave ecosystems and to implement and review measures for sustainable cave use and tourism development. In 2017 and 2018, air along tourist trails in caves Postojnska jama and Škocjanske jame (Slovenia) was sampled before and after tourist visits. Samples were analysed using culture-dependent methods, flow cytometry, detection of β-D-glucan and lipopolysaccharide and compared with CO and temperature data to measure anthropogenic influences and seasonality on aerobiota. While the presence of tourists significantly increased concentrations of airborne microorganisms ( < 0.05), β-D-glucan and CO did not show such a trend and were more dependent on seasonal changes. Locally, concentrations of cultivable microorganisms above 1000 CFU/m were detected, which could have negative effects on the autochthonous microbiota and possibly on human health. A mixture of bacteria typically associated with humans was found in the air and identified with MALDI-TOF MS. Using MALDI-TOF MS, we achieved a 69.6% success rate in identification. , , and spp. were recognized as good indicators of cave anthropisation.
洞穴中的气溶胶是天然示踪剂，与气候参数一起，能让我们深入了解洞穴内的大气状况、对气候变化的响应以及人为影响。在旅游洞穴中进行微生物空气监测，对于了解洞穴生态系统的变化以及实施和评估洞穴可持续利用与旅游开发措施变得越来越有用。2017年和2018年，在斯洛文尼亚的波斯托伊纳溶洞和斯科契扬溶洞的旅游步道沿线，于游客参观前后采集空气样本。使用依赖培养的方法、流式细胞术、β - D - 葡聚糖和脂多糖检测对样本进行分析，并与一氧化碳和温度数据进行比较，以衡量人为影响和季节变化对空气微生物群的作用。虽然游客的存在显著增加了空气中微生物的浓度（<0.05），但β - D - 葡聚糖和一氧化碳并未呈现出这样的趋势，它们更多地依赖于季节变化。在局部地区，检测到可培养微生物的浓度超过1000 CFU/m³，这可能会对本地微生物群以及可能对人类健康产生负面影响。在空气中发现了通常与人类相关的细菌混合物，并通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI - TOF MS）进行鉴定。使用MALDI - TOF MS，我们的鉴定成功率达到了69.6%。 、 、 和 属被认为是洞穴人为化的良好指标。
