University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, NE 68516, USA.
Nyack High School, Nyack, NY 10960, USA.
Plant Physiol. 2024 Nov 4;196(3):1737-1757. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae382.
Low temperatures pose a dramatic challenge to plant viability. Chilling and freezing disrupt cellular processes, forcing metabolic adaptations reflected in alterations to membrane compositions. Understanding the mechanisms of plant cold tolerance is increasingly important due to anticipated increases in the frequency, severity, and duration of cold events. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the adaptive changes of membrane glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and phytosterols in response to cold stress. We delve into key mechanisms of low-temperature membrane remodeling, including acyl editing and headgroup exchange, lipase activity, and phytosterol abundance changes, focusing on their impact at the subcellular level. Furthermore, we tabulate and analyze current gycerolipidomic data from cold treatments of Arabidopsis, maize, and sorghum. This analysis highlights congruencies of lipid abundance changes in response to varying degrees of cold stress. Ultimately, this review aids in rationalizing observed lipid fluctuations and pinpoints key gaps in our current capacity to fully understand how plants orchestrate these membrane responses to cold stress.
低温对植物的生存能力构成了巨大的挑战。冷却和冻结会破坏细胞过程，迫使新陈代谢适应，表现为膜成分的改变。由于预计低温事件的频率、严重程度和持续时间会增加，因此了解植物耐寒性的机制变得越来越重要。
本综述综合了关于膜甘油脂、鞘脂和植物甾醇在冷胁迫下适应性变化的现有知识。我们深入探讨了低温膜重塑的关键机制，包括酰基编辑和头部基团交换、脂肪酶活性和植物甾醇丰度变化，重点关注它们在亚细胞水平上的影响。此外，我们对来自拟南芥、玉米和高粱的冷处理的甘油脂组学数据进行了列表和分析。
该分析突出了对不同程度冷胁迫的脂质丰度变化的一致性。最终，本综述有助于理解观察到的脂质波动，并指出了我们目前全面理解植物如何协调这些膜对冷胁迫的反应的能力方面的关键差距。
