Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia, Albertina, 13, 10124, Torino, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia, Albertina, 13, 10124, Torino, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2024 Sep;363:142888. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142888. Epub 2024 Jul 18.
Glyphosate is the most widely used systemic herbicide. There is ample scientific literature on the effects of this compound and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), whereas their possible combined genotoxic action has not yet been studied. With the present study, we aimed to determine the level of genomic damage caused by glyphosate and AMPA in cultured human lymphocytes and to investigate the possible genotoxic action when both compounds were present at the same concentrations in the cultures. We used a micronuclei assay to test the genotoxicity of glyphosate and AMPA at six concentrations (0.0125, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.250, 0.500 μg/mL), which are more realistic than the highest concentrations used in previous published studies. Our data showed an increase in micronuclei frequency after treatment with both glyphosate and AMPA starting from 0.050 μg/mL up to 0.500 μg/mL. Similarly, a genomic damage was observed also in the cultures treated with the same concentrations of both compounds, except for exposure to 0.0065 and 0.0125 μg/mL. No synergistic action was observed. Finally, a significant increase in apoptotic cells was observed in cultures treated with the highest concentration of tested xenobiotics, while a significant increase in necrotic cells was observed also at the concentration of 0.250 μg/mL of both glyphosate and AMPA alone and in combination (0.125 + 0.125 μg/mL). Results of our study indicate that both glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA are able to cause genomic damage in human lymphocyte cultures, both alone and when present in equal concentrations.
草甘膦是应用最广泛的一种内吸性除草剂。有大量关于该化合物及其代谢产物氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）的科学文献，然而，它们可能的联合遗传毒性作用尚未被研究。本研究旨在确定草甘膦和 AMPA 在培养的人淋巴细胞中引起的基因组损伤水平，并研究当两种化合物在培养物中以相同浓度存在时可能产生的遗传毒性作用。我们使用微核试验来测试草甘膦和 AMPA 在六个浓度（0.0125、0.025、0.050、0.100、0.250、0.500μg/mL）下的遗传毒性，这些浓度比以前发表的研究中使用的最高浓度更接近现实。我们的数据显示，在用草甘膦和 AMPA 处理后，微核频率从 0.050μg/mL 开始增加，直到 0.500μg/mL。同样，在用相同浓度的两种化合物处理的培养物中也观察到了基因组损伤，除了暴露于 0.0065 和 0.0125μg/mL。没有观察到协同作用。最后，在最高浓度的测试外源性物质处理的培养物中观察到凋亡细胞的显著增加，而在 0.250μg/mL 时也观察到坏死细胞的显著增加，无论是单独使用草甘膦和 AMPA 还是联合使用（0.125+0.125μg/mL）。我们的研究结果表明，草甘膦及其代谢物 AMPA 均能引起人淋巴细胞培养物的基因组损伤，无论是单独使用还是在相等浓度下同时使用。
