印度女性对“乳房保健”有多了解？对一家三级护理、转诊和教学医院的女性进行的研究。
How "Breast Aware" are the Indian Women? A Study among the Women Visiting a Tertiary Care, Referral, and Teaching Hospital.
机构信息
Department of General Surgery, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
出版信息
Ann Afr Med. 2024 Jul 1;23(3):372-378. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_194_23. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
INTRODUCTION
"Who will educate us" lamented a School Principal after she took part in our study and education session. There is palpable low breast cancer (BC) literacy with rising incidence and disproportionate mortality rates.
METHODOLOGY
Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) developed by Cancer Research UK was administered to 944 women. BCAM measures knowledge, age-related risk, and reported frequency of breast checking and other components. A woman is BC aware if she identified five or more nonlump symptoms, age-related risk, and reported breast checking once a week/month. At the end, each participant was given "Be Breast Aware" education; what/how to look for demonstrated on a model.
RESULTS
2.8% health professionals. 3.1% BC survivors. 78.8% had lump knowledge and 55.3% had non-lump knowledge of BC, 10% had age-related risk knowledge. 24.3% check breasts once a week/month. 41.9% aware BC is common after 50 years. 14/944 (1.5%) had BC awareness. 59.9% had breast symptoms, but never consulted a doctor, 31.1% were embarrassed, and 29.4% were scared to consult. Nearly 43% heard of breast screening, 28.4% had mammography, 26.3% had ultrasound. About 44.1% knew family history risk. Those practicing breast checking looked for a size change (24.5%), nipple position (17.4%), discharge (22.1%), pain (32.5%), and lump (24.7%) in standing (17.8%), supine (8.5%) using finger pads (15.8%) fingertips (21.6%), using circular movements (16.4%), and pinching breast tissue (19.6%).
CONCLUSION
Health-care workers and BC survivors lack breast awareness which is alarming and indicates the need for BC awareness and post-BC treatment follow-up care education in these two groups and the general population. Some practice the wrong method (e.g., pinching tissue) of breast checking, which may lead to anxiety and unnecessary investigative costs. "Be Breast Aware" education based on the National Health Service 5-point plan given to 944 participants.
引言
“谁来教育我们？”一位学校校长在参加我们的学习和教育活动后感叹道。目前，乳腺癌（BC）知识水平明显较低，发病率上升，死亡率不成比例。
方法
英国癌症研究中心开发的乳腺癌意识量表（BCAM）对 944 名女性进行了测试。BCAM 衡量知识、与年龄相关的风险以及报告的乳房检查频率和其他组成部分。如果女性能识别出五个或更多非肿块症状、与年龄相关的风险以及每周/每月进行一次乳房检查，则被认为具有乳腺癌意识。最后，每位参与者都接受了“Be Breast Aware”教育；在模型上展示了如何寻找乳腺癌症状。
结果
2.8%的卫生专业人员。3.1%的乳腺癌幸存者。78.8%的人知道肿块相关知识，55.3%的人知道非肿块相关知识，10%的人知道与年龄相关的风险知识。24.3%的人每周/每月检查一次乳房。41.9%的人知道乳腺癌在 50 岁后很常见。14/944（1.5%）人具有乳腺癌意识。59.9%的人有乳房症状，但从未咨询过医生，31.1%的人感到尴尬，29.4%的人害怕咨询。近 43%的人听说过乳房筛查，28.4%的人做过乳房 X 光检查，26.3%的人做过超声检查。大约 44.1%的人知道家族病史风险。那些进行乳房检查的人会寻找乳房大小变化（24.5%）、乳头位置变化（17.4%）、乳头溢液（22.1%）、乳房疼痛（32.5%）和肿块（24.7%），他们会站着（17.8%）、躺着（8.5%）用指腹（15.8%）、指尖（21.6%）、以圆形运动（16.4%），以及捏拉乳房组织（19.6%）。
结论
医疗保健工作者和乳腺癌幸存者缺乏乳腺癌意识，这令人震惊，表明需要对这两个群体以及普通人群进行乳腺癌意识和乳腺癌治疗后随访教育。一些人使用了错误的乳房检查方法（例如，捏拉组织），这可能会导致焦虑和不必要的检查费用。我们基于英国国家医疗服务体系的 5 点计划为 944 名参与者提供了“Be Breast Aware”教育。
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