Quistberg D Alex, Perez-Ferrer Carolina, Bilal Usama, Rodriguez Hernandez Jordan Levi, Ramírez-Toscano Yenisei, Cardenas Cardenas Luz Mery, Junquera-Badilla Isabel, Yamada Goro, Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh, Diez Roux Ana V
Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Environmental & Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Inj Prev. 2024 Jul 22. doi: 10.1136/ip-2023-045019.
Drunk driving is a major cause of road traffic injuries and deaths in Latin America. We evaluated the impact of a drunk driving intervention in Leon, Mexico on road traffic safety.
The intervention included increased drunk driving penalties, enhanced sobriety checkpoints and a young adult-focused mass media campaign, beginning 19 December 2018. We created a synthetic control Leon from 12 Mexican municipalities from a pool of 87 based on similarity to Leon using key predictors from 2015 to 2019. We assessed the effect of the intervention on road traffic collisions overall and collisions with injuries, deaths and involving alcohol, using data from police, insurance claims and vital registration.
As compared with the synthetic control, Leon experienced significant postintervention lower police-reported total collision rate (17%) and injury collisions (33%). Alcohol-involved collisions were 38% lower than the synthetic control. Fatal collisions reported by police were 28% lower while vital registration road traffic deaths were 12% lower, though these declines were not statistically significant. We found no impact on insurance collision claims. There was heterogeneity in these changes over the evaluation year, with stronger initial effects and weaker effects by the end of the year.
Drunk driving policies in Leon led to fewer traffic collisions and injuries during the first year of implementation, with a weakening of this effect over time, similar to interventions in high-income settings and other Latin American countries. Supporting the expansion of similar policies to other cities in the region could improve road safety.
在拉丁美洲，酒后驾车是道路交通伤害和死亡的主要原因。我们评估了墨西哥莱昂市一项酒后驾车干预措施对道路交通安全的影响。
该干预措施包括自2018年12月19日起加大对酒后驾车的处罚力度、加强清醒度检查点设置以及开展针对青年成年人的大众媒体宣传活动。我们根据莱昂市2015年至2019年的关键预测指标，从87个墨西哥城市中选取12个与莱昂市相似的城市创建了一个合成对照莱昂市。我们利用警方、保险理赔和人口动态登记的数据，评估了该干预措施对总体道路交通碰撞事故以及造成人员伤亡和涉及酒精的碰撞事故的影响。
与合成对照相比，莱昂市在干预措施实施后，警方报告的总碰撞事故率显著降低（17%），受伤碰撞事故率显著降低（33%）。涉及酒精的碰撞事故比合成对照低38%。警方报告的致命碰撞事故降低了28%，而人口动态登记的道路交通死亡人数降低了12%，不过这些降幅无统计学意义。我们发现该干预措施对保险碰撞理赔没有影响。在评估年度内，这些变化存在异质性，年初效果较强，到年底效果减弱。
莱昂市的酒后驾车政策在实施的第一年减少了交通碰撞事故和人员伤亡，且随着时间推移这种效果有所减弱，这与高收入地区和其他拉丁美洲国家的干预措施类似。支持将类似政策推广到该地区其他城市可能会改善道路安全。
