Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, , University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 22;14(1):16819. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w.
Alcohol production and consumption have been prohibited in Iran for over four decades, leading to a typical underestimation of its consumption. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption, its associated factors, and estimate per capita alcohol consumption among Iran's adult population. In this population-based survey, 27,874 adults from across Iran were selected using systematic proportional-to-size cluster sampling. Alcohol consumption was evaluated through a modified Persian version of the STEPS questionnaires from previous studies, applied over different timespans. Per capita consumption was calculated using the quantity-frequency method, expressed in liters of pure alcohol. Adjusted odds ratios were reported for associates of alcohol consumption concerning metabolic risk factors, sociodemographic elements, and lifestyle variables. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 6.9% (95% CI 6.5-7.2) in the adult population, with a notable sex difference (males: 13.7% [95% CI 13-14.4]; females: 1.4% [95% CI 1.1-1.6]). The 12 month prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.6-4.1). For individuals aged 18 and older, the per capita alcohol consumption in Iran was 0.12 L. Factors such as being a lifetime smoker, younger, wealthier, and having 7-12 years of education were significantly linked to higher alcohol consumption. Significant associations were also observed between alcohol consumption and having a history of heart attacks (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.44-2.89), and physical injuries (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.34-2.64). The estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of alcohol use in our study were higher among some of the subpopulations. The findings also revealed a complex relationship between alcohol consumption, behavioral risk factors, and metabolic profiles. Consequently, immediate preventive measures tailored to each factor's association with alcohol use are recommended.
伊朗四十多年来一直禁止生产和消费酒精，这导致其酒精消费水平被严重低估。本研究旨在评估伊朗成年人的酒精消费流行率、相关因素，并估计人均酒精消费量。在这项基于人群的调查中，采用系统比例聚类抽样法，从伊朗各地选择了 27874 名成年人。通过使用之前研究中经过改良的波斯语版 STEPS 问卷评估酒精消费，该问卷在不同时间段内使用。使用数量频率法计算人均消费量，以纯酒精升数表示。针对与代谢风险因素、社会人口学因素和生活方式变量相关的饮酒因素，报告了调整后的优势比。在成年人群中，终生饮酒的流行率为 6.9%（95%CI 6.5-7.2），存在显著的性别差异（男性：13.7%[95%CI 13-14.4]；女性：1.4%[95%CI 1.1-1.6]）。12 个月的患病率为 3.8%（95%CI 3.6-4.1）。对于 18 岁及以上的人，伊朗的人均酒精消费量为 0.12 升。一些因素，如终生吸烟、年龄较小、较富裕和受教育程度为 7-12 年，与较高的酒精消费显著相关。还观察到饮酒与心脏病发作史（OR=2.04，95%CI 1.44-2.89）和身体损伤史（OR=1.88，95%CI 1.34-2.64）之间存在显著关联。在我们的研究中，一些亚人群的终生和 12 个月的酒精使用流行率较高。研究结果还揭示了酒精消费、行为风险因素和代谢特征之间的复杂关系。因此，建议根据每个因素与酒精使用的关联，采取即时预防措施。
