Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Oct 15;109(11):2709-2719. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae499.
The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Studies show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of common medications and therapeutic interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation on GM composition. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols.
肠道微生物群（GM）由胃肠道中的数万亿微生物组成，是肥胖和相关代谢紊乱（如 2 型糖尿病（T2D）、代谢综合征（MS）和心血管疾病）发展的关键因素。这篇小型综述深入探讨了 GM 在这些疾病中的复杂作用和机制，为针对微生物群的潜在治疗策略提供了深入了解。该综述阐明了人类 GM 的多样性和发展，强调了其在宿主生理学中的关键功能，包括营养吸收、免疫调节和能量代谢。研究表明，GM 失调与能量提取增加、代谢途径改变和炎症有关，导致肥胖、MS 和 T2D。还探讨了饮食习惯和 GM 组成之间的相互作用，强调了饮食对微生物多样性和代谢功能的影响。此外，该综述还讨论了常见药物和治疗干预措施（如粪便微生物群移植）对 GM 组成的影响。目前的证据表明，需要进一步研究来阐明 GM 调节在减轻肥胖和代谢疾病方面的治疗潜力，强调需要进行临床试验来建立有效和可持续的治疗方案。
